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Oxalate oxidase (OxO, EC 1.2.3.4.) was purified to homogeneity from wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings by sequential thermal treatment, ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and affinity chromatography with concanavalin A. The enzyme was purified 66.11-fold with a recovery of 21.97%. It showed a subunit molecular mass of 32.6 kDa on SDS-PAGE and a native molecular mass of 170 kDa on Sephadex G-150 filtration, suggesting that it is a pentamer. The wheat OxO had a maximum activity at pH 3.5. Its Km for oxalate was 0.21 mM. Chemical modification revealed that cysteine, lysine and carboxylate residues were essential for OxO activity, whereas arginine, serine, threonine and tryptophane residues were not essential.
In order to identify 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in the surface sediments of Taihu Lake, 41 surface sediment samples were analyzed by GC-MS. The total concentrations of PAHs ranged from 262.06 ng/g to 1087.22 ng/g (dry weight). The source apportionment of PAHs by positive matrix factorization model indicated that the main source of PAHs in surface sediments of the lake were emissions from coal combustion, accounting for 53.40% of the total variance, followed by residential emissions, traffic emissions, and biomass combustion, accounting for 19.95%, 19.85, and 6.80%, respectively. The overall concentrations of PAHs were higher at nearshore places than in the middle of the lake, and the northeast region concentrations were higher than the southwest region concentrations.
The responses of antioxidative system and photosystem II photochemistry of rice (Oryza sativa L.) to paraquat induced oxidative stress were investigated in a chilling-tolerant cultivar Xiangnuo no. 1, and a chilling-susceptible cultivar, IR-50. Electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Xiangnuo no. 1 were little affected by paraquat, but they increased in IR-50. After paraquat treatment, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained high in Xiangnuo no. 1, while it declined in IR-50. Activities of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) declined with oxidative stress in both cultivars, but Xiangnuo no. 1 had higher GR activity than IR-50. Under paraquat induced oxidative stress, ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations remained high in Xiangnuo no. 1, but decreased in IR-50. The results indicated that higher activities of SOD and GR and higher contents of AsA and GSH in Xiangnuo no. 1 under paraquat induced oxidative stress were associated with its tolerance to paraquat, while paraquat induced damage to IR-50 was related to decreased activities of SOD, APX and GR and contents of AsA and GSH. Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and qP remained high in Xiangnuo no. 1, while they decreased greatly in IR-50 under paraquat induced oxidative stress.
This paper analysed the influence of the gradient of water levels (-54–120 cm) on Acorus calamus (A. calamus) young shoots in terms of their growth characteristics (germination rate, basal stem, height and biomass), leaf characteristics (number, area and moisture content), chlorophyll (chl) fluorescence parameters (Fv/ Fm, ETR, qP and qN) and other indicators. Based on a Gaussian model, we determined and quantified the response relationship between A. calamus young shoots and water level. The results showed that the ecological amplitude of water level for A. calamus young shoots was -52.3−141.8 cm, and the optimum range was -3.5−69.3 cm; a variety of indicators suggested that the optimum depth for A. calamus young shoots was from18.8 cm to 49.6 cm. The A. calamus seedling growth characteristics which were sensitive to changes in the water level were the germination rate and biomass. The germination rate was more sensitive to the submergence water depth, but the biomass was obviously influenced by the groundwater depth. Therefore, the A. calamus could be a suitable species for ecological restoration of land/inland water ecotones in lakes, rivers and reservoirs.
In this study, we report the cloning and characteristics of an adiponectin-like receptor gene from Bombyx mori (BmAdipoR) with highly conserved deduced amino-acid sequences and similar structure to the human adiponectin receptor (AdipoR). Structural analysis of the translated cDNA suggested it encoded a membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains. BmAdipoR was found to be expressed in multiple tissues and highly expressed in Malpighian tubules, fat body and testis. BmNPV (Bombyx morinucleopolyhedrovirus) bacmid system combined with confocal microscopy revealed that BmAdipoR was targeted to the cell membrane. We also found that infection with BmNPV did not have an effect on BmAdipoR mRNA quantity in the midgut of susceptible Bombyx moristrain (306) at 48 h, but BmAdipoR mRNA quantity increased significantly at 72 h. We concluded that BmAdipoR gene was a membrane protein ubiquitously expressed in Bombyx moritissues and that its expression was altered by treating with BmNPV.
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