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Differentiated responses of Erysiphe alphitoides and E. hypophylla in urban conditions are described. The influence of transport pollution on the morphology of the mycelium, chasmotecium development and individual stages of the developmental cycle is discussed.
This study investigates the development cycle of Sawadaea tulasnei on Acer platanoides in urban conditions, taking into account the effect of traffic-induced pollution. Observations were taken at 63 stations in the city of Olsztyn and surroundings, located alongside major communication routes at distances of up to 50 m, 100 m, and 300 m with distances >300 m acting as control. S. tulasnei appeared in each experimental year. The highest mean pathological index that was statistically significant was recorded at stations located up to 50 m from the routes and the lowest at the control stations. Differences were observed in the incidence of S. tulasnei depending on the maturity of the host plant, whereas the development of the parasite was seen to be undisrupted. In the zone of up to 50 m, fruiting bodies matured earlier compared to controls, suggesting environmental stress.
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Details are given of the occurrence of three rarely reported and poorly known lichen species from Poland area. Brief taxonomic, distributional, and ecological notes of Agonimia flabelliformis, Bacidia pycnidiata, and Vezdaea aestivalis have been provided. Agonimia flabelliformis have been reported for the first time from the northeastern part of Poland and B. pycnidiata from the northern part of the country. Vezdaea aestivalis has been rediscovered in northeastern Poland, nearly 150 years after its first and only recording in the region.
The study is part of hydromycological investigations of man-affected water bodies in Olsztyn. Our results show that yeast-like fungi are permanent components in three selected lakes (lakes Tursko, Długie and Skanda). Their abundance and species composition depend on the trophic state of each lake.
In the counteract pathogenic fungi, alternative methods of plant protection are becoming more and more important, using both antagonistic microorganisms and vegetable active biological substances. The purpose of the work was to determine the effect of dried three plants on the growth and development of 8 species of phytopathogenic fungi, economically important (Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Monilinia fructigena, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Trichothecium roseum). For fungi cultures, the method of poisoned substrates was used, in which macerates of plants in a concentration of 2% and 5% were added to the glucose-potato substrate (PDA). The experiment was carried out for two weeks in duplicate. The growth of mycelium and the ability to form spores were assessed. The research shows that plant additives have a different degree of impact on the studied phytopathogens. The most effective turned out to be cinnamon, which completely inhibited the growth of all the fungi examined. The presence of the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma viride has definitely influenced the development of the studied fungi. In all cases, the rapid growth of T. viridemycelium was noted and inhibition of phytopathogenic fungal growth
The objective of this research was to determine the species composition of school rooms of various functionalities, the selection of typical species, and the development of assumptions of school environment monitoring. Out of the 151 species identified in the studied school rooms, 52 were grown at a temperature above 25ºC, which constituted 34.4%. Seven species were isolated by incubating the samples at 40ºC, yet it was indispensable only for Acremonium alabamense. Thermophilic fungi constituted 55.3% of the species with the above-indicated Bio-Safety Level status. Out of the identified fungi, one was classified to bio-safety class (Blastomyces dermatitidis), whereas 22 species were claccified as BSL2 (most were: Aspergillus funigatus, A. flavus, A. terreus) and 61 species to class 1. So far, investigations of the indoor bio-aerosol of rooms in this part of Europe have not demonstrated such a wide species spectrum of fungi, as is the case in this study.
The studies refer to the phenomenon of hyperparasitism in the municipal environment. The paper presents the occurrence of fungi of the genus Ampelomyces on Erysiphales – important group of phytopathogenic fungi. For the first time in Poland analyzed degree of infestation of Erysiphales mycelium by Ampelomyces and effect of the hyperparsites on the degree of infestation plants by Erysiphales. The high participation of the Ampelomyces was noted in each year of the study. Substantial differences were noted in the occurrence of Ampelomyces depending on the developmental stage of the host fungi and considerable differences in the prevalence of the hyperparasites on particular Erysiphales species. In all cases examined, the mean index of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales was higher than the mean degree of infestation of powdery mildew mycelium by Ampelomyces. The results indicate that under natural conditions they do not play any significant role in the reduction of the degree of infestation of host plants by Erysiphales and do not disturb drastically their life cycle.
This paper concerns the frequency of occurrence and enzymatic activity of fungi of the genus Rhodotorula isolated from the oral cavity of patients with colorectal cancer. Swabs from the oral cavity were subjected to standard mycological diagnostic procedures; enzymatic activity of the fungi was evaluated using and API Zym test by BioMereux. The fungi of the genus Rhodotorula were noted in 22.5% positive isolates originating from women and 25.7% positive isolates originating from men. They included mono-species isolates of: Rh. glutinis, Rh. minuta, Rh. mucilaginosa and two-species isolates: Rh. minuta + Candida dubliniensis, Rh. mucilaginosa + C. albicans and Rh. mucilaginosa + Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The enzymatic activity of the isolated fungi was evaluated as high and very high in the case of acidic and alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase, lipase, as well as leucine, valine and cysteine arylamidase. The highest values were determined in Rh. mucilaginosa with co-occurrence of C. albicans and Rh. minuta with co-occurrence of C. dubliniensis. In the ontosphere of oncologic patients, the increasingly frequent appearance of the species of fungi with high and very high enzymatic activity indicates the progressing risk posed by opportunistic forms, which includes Rhodotorula species.
A total of 69 isolates of yeasts were recorded in the indoor air of the school buildings: 43 in heated rooms and 26 in unheated rooms. Perfect stages prevailed. Fungi isolated in our study belonged to 39 species. These were mostly monospecific isolates although five two-species isolates were noted. Differences in the properties of physiological characters of fungi isolated in both study seasons were observed. As indoor and outdoor air does not mix during the heating season, a specific substrate for prototrophic, non-fermenting yeastlike fungi forms. Acid production allows fungi to dissolve inorganic compounds in building structures and to release needed microcomponents. Abilities to produce carotenoid pigments are clearly promoted in yeast-like fungi living indoor. This may be related to the accumulation of compounds that are indirect stages in the cycle of biosynthesis of carotenoids or a surplus of oxidizing compounds.
This work provides a morphological description of a parasitic fungus Puccinia passerinii Schroet. discovered in the Biebrza National Park on bractless toadflax Thesium ebracteatum Hayne, a host plant listed in Appendix II of the Habitat Directive and strictly protected in Poland. Puccinia passerinii was recorded in 1916 within the borders of current-day Poland, however, owing to a lack of herbarial materials it was not included into the checklist of Polish microscopic fungi. This work is the first report, after 100 years, on the appearance of this species in Poland, which enlarges the list of microfungi in this country and particularly in the Biebrza National Park. Moreover, a common parasite of rust fungi – Sphaerellopsis filum (Biv.) B. Sutton is reported for the first time on P. passerinii.
The phyllosphere is an ecological niche that includes the area of the leaf blade, which is a living environment for microorganisms of various taxonomic and trophic groups, including saprotrophic and phytopathogenic fungi. This study analysed the degree of colonisation of the phyllosphere of rush plants of selected bathing lakes by fungi of the Fusarium genus that are of significance to the etiology and epidemiology of fungal infections, and to toxicology and allergology. The research materials was plants of the littoral zone of Lakes Skanda and Kortowskie, which were subjected to a standard phytopathological assessment. The fungi obtained in macrocultures were used to prepare microscopic specimens required for the identification of morphological characteristics of the asexual and sexual stages. A total of 560 fungal isolates were obtained from the phyllosphere of nine plant species, of which 40 (7.14%) were fungi of the Fusarium genus. Most isolates were noted on Phragmites australis. Both macro-and microconidia of Fusarium were observed on this plant, while only macroconidia were observed on other plants. The results confirmed that the phyllosphere was an important reservoir of fungi that are potentially pathogenic to humans.
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