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Tourist activities consistent with sustainable development are an important component of the development strategies of many communes and counties in lakeland regions, including the county of Mrągowo in the Masurian Lake District. In the county under study, the abundance of lakes (over 12% of its area) and forests (constituting 30% of its area) and expanded recreation infrastructure (third place in the province of Warmia-Mazury) create excellent conditions for many forms of tourist activities as well as solid foundations for the development of sustainable tourism. National and international events are organized in the county of Mrągowo and the majority of accommodation providers are available all year round. This county offers numerous attractions of the cultural heritage. Promotions include events promoting regional cuisine. Natural and cultural resources and expanded infrastructure serve as the basis for development of sustainable tourism in the county of Mrągowo.
Our study was carried out in the rural areas of the Olsztyn Lakeland in Poland. The obtained results provided a basis for determining principles accounting for hydrological requirements in the planning process, and for introducing to the Polish planning procedure a new document detailing the terms of managing lake buffer zones (a new opinion on limnological restrictions to a planning permit). Three zones where different planning constraints apply were identified in the study. The width of protective lake zones was then determined by applying an adjusting factor that accounts for the zone's slope gradient. The proposed method for developing limnological restrictions to a planning permit supports the identification of stagnant surface waters in the planning process. The results of the procedure should be taken into account at the stage of determining the functional characteristics of the surveyed terrain and proposing land management solutions for shoreline zones in rural areas.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic effectiveness of various hormonal products for stimulating the reproduction of the cultured and wild forms of the common barbel Barbus barbus (L.). Three hormonal products were analyzed: Ovopel, Ovaprim (cultured and wild fish) and hCG (cultured fish). The economic effectiveness of hormonal stimulants was analyzed in view of ovulation rates, the price of hormonal products and spawner mortality rates. The cost of hormonal injection per 1000 eggs and 1000 hatchlings was adopted as an indicator of economic effectiveness. The best results were reported for hormonal stimulation using synthetic GnRH analogues during induced spawning of the barbel in a group of cultured fish. The above product’s effectiveness in the controlled spawning of cyprinids is demonstrated by high ovulation rates and high embryo survival rates.
This study determined the effect of hormonal stimulation of the wild female nase, Chondrostoma nasus (L.), on its basic reproduction indices (percentage of ovulations, latency time, embryo survival) and the economic profitability of its use. Two commercial preparations were used in the experiment: Ovopel and Ovaprim. They were used separately (group 1 and 2 for Ovopel and Ovaprim, respectively) and in combination (group 3), where Ovopel was given in initial and Ovaprim in resolving injection. The study found a high effectiveness of all the hormonal treatments applied (ovulation rate 90–100%, latency time 36 h, embryo survival rate 78.6–81.2%) (P>0.05), which may be evidence of the greater susceptibility of the nase to stimulation with the less active mammalian analogue of GnRH as compared to other species of rheophilic cyprinids. In consequence, the lowest cost of hormonal stimulation (0.59 EUR per 10,000 viable embryos) was achieved with Ovopel. Using the hormonal agents in combination (in group 3) reduced the cost of stimulation by 0.17 EUR as compared to Ovaprim (group 2), where the cost was the highest (1.57 EUR per 10,000 viable embryos). The results presented in this study are providing useful information for fish breeders who manage wild populations of the nase and other species of rheophilic cyprinids.
Assessment of the economic effectiveness of hormonal stimulation application in reophile cyprinid fish reproduction based on the example of asp Aspius aspius (L.) and ide Leuciscus idus (L.) was the goal of the studies presented in this paper. Three hormonal preparations: Ovopel, Ovaprim and carp pituitary were tested during this study. Economic effectiveness of application of those hormonal preparations for asp and ide reproduction stimulation considering the relative working fertility of asp and ide, effectiveness of the selected hormonal preparations and their price were assessed. The cost of hormonal injection per 1000 spawn grains and per 1000 spawn grains in eyed stage was assumed for the measure of economic effectiveness. In case of both studied species injections with Ovaprim and Ovopel were more economic than stimulation with carp pituitary. This is linked to the high application effectiveness of GnRH analogues with dopamine inhibitors found in controlled reproduction of asp and ide. The effectiveness of those hormonal preparations is confirmed by a high percentage of ovulations as well as the high survival rate of the embryos to the eyed stage.
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