In the years 2009–2011 small-sized tomato plants cv. ‘Bianka F1’ were sprayed with biostimulators on the basis of marine algae extracts: Acadian (at concentration 0.5%), Bio-algeen S-90 (at 0.5%) and Labimar 10S (at 0.3%). They were used three times: in the stage of 2–3 leaves, before planting and at the beginning of flowering. The aim of study was to evaluate of relationship between tomato yield, cluster features and physiological indices under various seaweed biostimulators. The experiment was carried out in a high plastic tunnel in the Vegetable Experimental Station near Szczecin. Total and marketable yield of tomato sprayed with Acadian and Labimar 10S was increased in comparison the plants treated with preparation Bio-algeen S-90 and the control plants (sprayed with water). All applied preparations had a beneficial influence on the early har-vest of tomato fruits, length of clusters and number of fruits in the cluster. Spraying of leaves with Bio-algeen S-90 resulted in a significant increase chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoids content. The applied of Labimar 10S increased of chlorophyll b and a + b level. The higher rate of CO2 assimilation, larger index of effectiveness of water use in the photosynthesis and no effect stomatal conductance for water and CO2 concentration in the intercellular pores of leaves were obtained after spraying of tomato with biostimulators. The applied of Labimar 10S and Bio-algeen S-90 decreased the rate of transpiration and significantly increased value of the relative water content index in the tissues of leaves.
Fragaria is one of genus in Rosaceae family. The most popular representative is strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and wild (woodland) strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), which taste attributes are very attractive for a huge number of consumers around the world. The plants have many beneficial traits, such as low-caloric, high amount of antoxidants and vitamin C, laxative, diuretic, astringent, antidiarrheal and antiseptic properties. Cultivation of Fragaria plants is widespread worldwide with particular emphasis on moderate climate zone, also with use of a plant tissue culture method. This thesis showed and contrasted other studies about Fragaria plants propagation under in vitro conditions. In this method the most often used explants are leaf explants. Very rarely are used seeds. Mainly, the plants are propagated on basal medium of mineral composition by Murashige and Skoog in 8 hour dark and 16 hour light contidions. The most efficient cytokinin used to root induction is indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The plant acclimatization had varying effectiveness – from a few to several dozen survival percent. During micropropagation of Fragaria plants, somaclonal variation occurs, which is dependent on age culture, frequency of passage and medium composition.
The genus Fragaria belongs to the Rosaceae family. The most popular representatives of this species are the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), whose taste and health benefits are appreciated by a huge number of consumers. The cultivation of Fragaria plants is widespread around the world, with particular emphasis on the temperate climate zone. Increasingly occurring weather anomalies, including drought phenomena, cause immense losses in crop cultivation. The Fragaria plant species are very sensitive to drought, due to the shallow root system, large leaf area and the high water content of the fruit. There have been many studies on the influence of water deficit on the morphological, biochemical and physiological features of strawberries and wild strawberries. There is a lack of research summarizing the current state of knowledge regarding of specific species response to water stress. The aim of this study was to combine and compare data from many research carried out and indicate the direction of future research aimed at improving the resistance of Fragaria plants species to stress related to drought. These plants show patterns of response to stress caused by drought, such as: osmotic adjustment, reduction of transpiration and photosynthesis, and increased efficiency of water use. Drought also causes significant changes in the composition and palatability of the fruit of the Fragaria plant species.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of polymer supersorbent AgroHydrogel, added to soil, on the content of some mineral elements in leaves and fruit of strawberry cv. Elsanta. In 2007-2008, a pot experiment set up in a system of complete randomization was carried out in four replications in a greenhouse of the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. The experimental factor was the addition of two doses of AgoHydrogel to the medium. The two rates were 1.8 and 3.6 g dm–3, i.e. 15 and 30 g per a Kick’s pot versus the control which was the medium with no gel. The experiment was carried out indoors. Soil moisture was measured by means of contact soil tensometers. The plants were watered with 0.5 dm3 per pot and the tensometer, fitted in the medium with 15 g of gel per pot, showed 450 hPa. The content of the elements in strawberry leaves and fruit was determined by means of the AAS method. The applied polymer supersorbent decreased the cummulation of zinc and lead in leaves and copper, nickel and lead in fruit of strawberry. This effect particularly visible in plants growing in the medium with an increased dose of hydrogel. However, the application of AgroHydrogel did not affect the content of iron, manganese, copper and nickel in leaves and manganese, zinc and iron in fruit of the analyzed variety of strawberry.
In the years 2007-2008, a pot experiment was carried out on the effect of a supersorbent polymer on cropping and rate of gas exchange of 'Elsanta' strawberry. The experiment took place in the Vegetation Hall of the West Pomeranian Technological University in Szczecin and was done in a completely randomized design. The experimental factors were two doses (8 and 3.6 gdm-3) of gel polymer AgroHy- droGel, added to the medium prior to planting. Its direct (in 2007) and subsequent (in 2008) effect on the amount and quality of crops and the physiological activity of strawberry was assessed. It was found out that a larger applied dose of supersorbent caused a decrease in the strawberry yield. The differentiated doses of AgroHydroGel did not have any significant influence on the weight of an individual fruit (7.89-9.3 g) and on longitudinal (27.5-30.0 mm) and crosswise diameter (27.5-29.3 mm). Recordings were made of the increase in the dose of AgroHydroGel, the increase in the content of the extract and L-ascorbic acid, and the decrease in accumulation of nitrates and nitrites, in strawberry fruit. A direct influence of the applied polymer on the increase in CO2 assimilation in strawberry leaves at the fruiting stage was observed. In the first year of the studies, the intensity of transpiration in the phases of fruiting and after fruiting was increased along with the increase in the doses of Agro- HydroGel, whereas in the subsequent year such a relationship was observed in the phase of flowering. The largest index of effectiveness of water use, in the photosynthesis in the subsequent year in all the growth phases, was characteristic of the control plants.
A two-factorial experiment was conducted at Agricultural University in Szczecin. The first factor of the experiment was the level of magnesium fertilization: MgO - Og of Mg per flowerpot (Mitcherlich type), Mgl - 0.30g of Mg per flowerpot and Mg2 - 0.90g of Mg per flowerpot. The second factor of experiment was the level of soil moisture: 30% and 60% of maximum water capacity. The content and chemical composition of essential oil were determined in the leaves of S. officinalis L. The leaves of tested plant were harvested twice every year. The results of the present study showed that the content of essential oil in the leaves of medical sage depended on the doses of magnesium fertilization. Chemical composition of the oil was similar for all experimental combinations, except for combination Mg2 30% maximum water capatity.
The aim of the experiments carried out in a high, polyethylene in the years 2004- -2006 was to examine the influence of the algae preparation Bio-algeen S-90 on yield, mineral composition of fruits, content of assimilatory pigments, intensity of assimilation and transpiration and photosynthetic water use efficiency index of the cherry tomato cv. Conchita F1. The results on tomato yields proved significant differences in total and marketable yield under the influence of Bio-algeen. The biggest total and marketable yields were obtained when plants were treated three times with Bio-algeen. Bio-algeen also caused increase in content of mineral components in cherry tomato fruits. Three- and fourfold sprays increased the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, zinc, iron and nitrates. Treating tomato plants with the preparation increased the content of assimilatory pigments of tomato. Increase in a number of Bio-algeen sprays led to higher contents of total, a and b chlorophyll and carotenoids in leaves. Intensity of assimilation and transpiration of the plants and water use efficiency index depended on number of plants spraying with Bio-algeen. Plants sprayed two and three times with Bio-algeen were characterized by greater transpiration and assimilation intensity, but also by smaller efficiency of water use index.
W przeprowadzonych badaniach w latach 2006-2007 określano wpływ zróżnicowanych dawek kadmu (1,4; 2,8; 28 mg∙dm-3) zastosowanych w formie CdCl2 na zawartość potasu, sodu, wapnia i magnezu oraz średnich równoważnikowych proporcji jonowych między tymi pierwiastkami w liściach oraz korzeniach trzech klonów Salix viminalis: Bjor, Jorr i Tora, uprawianych w kulturach wodnych z pożywką Hoaglanda. Oceniono także wzajemne zależności między zawartością poszczególnych makroelementów w warunkach zanieczyszczenia podłoża kadmem. Zastosowane dawki kadmu istotnie zmniejszyły zawartość potasu, sodu, wapnia i magnezu w korzeniach badanych klonów, zaś w liściach spowodowały wzrost koncentracji magnezu, natomiast spadek zawartości sodu. Jedynie w liściach klonu Jorr stwierdzono pewną regularność, mianowicie wzrastające ilości kadmu w pożywce powodowały zwiększoną zawartość K, Mg i Ca. Kadm w liściach wierzby spowodował rozszerzenie stosunku Ca : Mg i K : Na oraz zawężenie stosunku K : Ca i K : Mg u form Jorr i Tora.