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In this study, Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla was grown in cadmium-contaminated soil in a greenhouse. Regulated deficit irrigation was applied using three different irrigation levels (T1: 300 L, T2: 200 L, T3: 100 L per block during each irrigation event during the organogenesis stage; T1 was the control) to examine the effects on phytoremediation efficiency. According to the experimental results, the regulated deficit irrigation treatment (T2) decreased the Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla shoot biomass by 15.8%, increased the Cd concentration in the shoots by 23%, and maintained a constant root-shoot ratio. By contrast, T3 decreased the Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla shoot biomass by 33.0%, decreased the Cd concentration in shoots by 9.8%, and increased the root-shoot ratio by 62.8%. The Cd remediation potential efficiency (PE) of treatment T2 was 5.42 g ha-1 – i.e., 39.7% higher than that of T1 and 61.8% higher than that of T3. This study indicated that regulated deficit irrigation can be used to enhance Cd phytoremediation and save water, but should be applied in a suitable way.
Organic carbon substrate amendments are promising bioremediation strategies to induce polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) aerobic degradation. However, their selective induction on PCB degraders has not been well studied. In this study, the substrate interaction effects of salicylic acid and biphenyl on PCB biodegradation were investigated with pure cultured isolates, including a newly isolated Pseudomonas fluorescence (P2W) and the veteran PCB degrader Ralstonia eutropha (H850). A significant biodegradation of lower-chlorinated PCB in H850 was induced by both salicylic acid and biphenyl amendments, while the biodegradation in P2W was induced only by salicylic acid. The binary substrates of salicylic acid and biphenyl resulted in a significantly inhibited effect on PCB removal in both strains. The expression of the functional gene bphA1 in the upper biphenyl degradation pathway was further investigated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Compared to H850, P2W had higher expression in the bphA1 gene induced mainly by salicylic acid rather than biphenyl. Particularly, the binary substrate induction led to an excessive expression of bphA1 gene in both strains, which was in good agreement with their biomass growth. These results suggested that the special induction of PCB biodegradation depends on the selection of organic carbon substrates and the acclimation of degrader strains.
Tuberculosis (TB), affecting one-third of the global population, kills an estimated two to three million people every year. The development of drug resistance is becoming a serious threat to any attempt to control this disease, which underscores the need for new agents targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Osthole (7-methoxy-8-isopentenoxycoumarin) is a coumarin derivative present in many medicinal plants. Previous studies have shown that osthole possesses antimycobacterial effects, however, the action mechanism of osthole is unclear. In the study, we used a commercial oligonucleotide microarray to determine the overall transcriptional response of M.tuberculosis H37Rv triggered by exposure to osthole. Analysis of the microarray data revealed that a total of 478 genes were differentially regulated by osthole. Of these, 241 genes were upregulated, and 237 genes were downregulated. Some of the important genes that were significantly regulated are related to different pathways such as fumarate reductase, class I peroxidase, cell wall, nitrate respiration, and protein synthesis. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed for chosen genes to validate the microarray results. To our knowledge, this genome-wide transcriptomics approach has produced the first insights into the response of M. tuberculosis when exposed to osthole.
Plant breeders have focused much attention on polyploid trees because of their resistance for forestry. To evaluate the impact of intraspecies genome duplication on NaHCO3 stress, a series of Betula platyphylla autotetraploids and diploids were generated from the same family. The growth, proline content and proline-associated gene expression of these autotetraploid individuals were compared with those diploid trees. Autotetraploids were superior in injury index and relative growth of height and base diameter compared to diploids. The proline content was higher in autotetraploid individuals compared to diploids. Gene expression data revealed autotetraploids were generally higher expression in BpP5CS1, BpP5CS2, Bp- P5CR1, BpP5CR2, BpP5CR3 and BpOAT and were lower expression in BpProDH and BpP5CDH compared to diploid trees. These results shed light on resistance variation in birch autotetraploidization and polyploidy breeding as a new approach for genetic improvement of birch trees.
Oral cancer remains a deadly disease worldwide. Lymph node metastasis and invasion is one of the causes of death from oral cancer. Elucidating the mechanism of oral cancer lymph node metastasis and identifying critical regulatory genes are important for the treatment of this disease. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (gene signature) and pathways that contribute to oral cancer metastasis to lymph nodes. The GSE70604-associated study compared gene profiles in lymph nodes with metastasis of oral cancer to those of normal lymph nodes. The GSE2280-associated study compared gene profiles in primary tumor of oral cancer with lymph node metastasis to those in tumors without lymph node metastasis. There are 28 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showing consistent changes in both datasets in overlapping analysis. GO biological process and KEGG pathway analysis of these 28 DEGs identified the gene signature CCND1, JUN and SPP1, which are categorized as key regulatory genes involved in the focal adhesion pathway. Silencing expression of CCND1, JUN and SPP1 in the human oral cancer cell line OECM-1 confirmed that those genes play essential roles in oral cancer cell invasion. Analysis of clinical samples of oral cancer found a strong correlation of these genes with short survival, especially JUN expression associated with metastasis. Our study identified a unique gene signature – CCND1, JUN and SPP1 – which may be involved in oral cancer lymph node metastasis.
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