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Blood parasites of birds in Wrocław and its environment were investigated during the two complete annual cycles of 1957-1959. In all 362 birds belonging to 36 species were examined. The blood parasites were found in 128 cases; i. e. 35,5 per cent of the total amount of the examined birds. Ot these Protozoa were recognized in 72 cases and microfilariae of the family Filariidae in 56 cases. The Protozoa were represented by the genera: Leucocytozoon, Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Atoxoplasma. Leucocytozoon was found in 46 birds belonging to 12 species; or 36 per cent of the total amount of the infected birds. The mature gametocytes had a round shape only and their dimensions varied from 11 to 12,4μ for the macrogametocytes, and from 10 o 12μ for the microgameocytes. Haemoproteus was recognised in 21 cases or 18 per cent of the infected birds. Two species were represented: H. danilewskii and H. fringillae, differing in shape, the extent of surrounding of the host cell nucleus, and the amount of the pigment grains. Plasmodium relictum was found in 31 birds or 24,2 per cent of the infected birds. In the circulating blood schizonts containing from 10 to 20 merozoites and gametocytes were found. Both of them had round shape and shifted the nucleus of the host cell;, the schizonts shifted it towards one of the two poles and the gametocytes in the side – direction. Atoxoplasma was recognised in 9 cases (7 per cent of the total amount of the infected birds). The mature parasites had oval or round shape and were, on the average, 6μ long and 3,8μ wide. Mixed invasions were found in 33 birds; in 32 cases they were double invasions and in one case a triple invasion.
As a result of a survey of 362 birds, data were accumulated concerning the influence of migration and seasonal distribution of the Protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, Leucocytozoon and Lankesterella and Microfilariae. Material for study consisted of blood films which had been collected over two years. The smears were stained with Giemsa stain and each was examined approximately twenty minutes. The monthly incidence of infections is shown in Table 1. Plasmodium was found in 8.3 per cent of all atudied birds, from March to December with the highest intensity during the summer period. The non-migratory birds were infected in 81 per cent (of all infected with Plasmodium birds). Haemoproteus was established in 6.4 per cent from April to October. In majority this protozoan was found in migratory birds (70 per cent of all infected with Haemoproteus birds). The most popular in Poland are the protozoans of the genus Lankesterella and Leucocytozoon. These two genus were found in Poland through the all years. Leucocytozoon was found in 12.4 per cent. In majority this parasite was established in birds of the family Corvidae (78.5 per cent of all infected with Leucocytozoon birds). Corvus frugilegus was caught in majority in the winter period and it was infected in 57.7 per cent. It is interesting because the birds, which are in winter in Poland were coming from north and east. Microfilariae were found through the all year and 50 per cent of Corvidae were infected with this parasite.
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Trichinellosis in Poland [1988-1991]

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The results obtained are presented graphically (diagram and table). A distinct correlation could be established between the reduction in the incidence of trichomonadosis and the degree of development and application of artificial insemination procedures. In socialized centres, trichomonadosis was eradicated owing to the observation of obligatory measures. More attention should be paid to stallions of private breed, showing in recent years invariably the presence of Trichomonas in 2.5% of cases. The semen was demonstrated to be of little value as a diagnostic tool for the detection of Trichomonas; it was not found in any of 1441 semen samples under examination.
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