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Исследовали 4 разные клеточные культуры, проводимые на стеклянных бутылках Ру, промываемых несколькими методами: а — в фосфатножелчном растворе, б — в гипохлорите натрия, в — в сером мыле, г — в растворе „Rovanex” 22. Исследования показали, что применение соответствующей промывки стекла для вирусологических исследований имеет существенное влияния на правильное деление и размножение как клеток первичных культур, так и непрерывных линий. Эти разницы были заметны уже через 24 часа инкубации клеток исследуемых культур, причем наиболее полезные результаты наблюдались после промывки гипохлоритом натрия. Данные, полученные с препаратом „Rovanex” 22, тоже очень хороши, указывают на большую его пригодность в вирусологических лабораториях. По сравнению с традиционными технологиями промывки стекла после применения как гипохлорита натрия так и „Rovanex” 22 получают лучшую степень покрытия стекла и больше клеток в 1 мл осадка в те же самые периоды инкубации. Большим достоинством этих методов является сравнительно малая их трудоемкость. Принимая во внимание эти все качества, рекомендуется более широкое применение этих методов в вирусологических лабораторях.
Two hundred and fifteen rabbit sera have been assessed by the haemagglutination inhibition test for the presence of antibodies against lagomorphs disease virus. Sera were inactivated at 57—58°C for 30 minutes and the haemagglutination inhibition test was performed with human erythrocytes of group 0 (Rh +). The erythrocyte suspension was prepared in Sörensen’s buffer, pH 5.8, containing 0.1 per cent of human serum albumin. The presence of the antibodies was revealed in 31.6 per cent sera; their titers ranged from 10 to 6400 units.
The research was aimed at determining the level of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibodies in the serum of slaughter rabbits. The research material consisted of 201 serum samples collected from slathered rabbits of 20 weeks of age and body weight from 4.5 to 5 kg. The rabbits originated from small farms (167 cross-breeds) and a battery farm (34 French Lops) located in south-eastern Poland. The animals from the battery farm had been vaccinated with “Cunivac”, whereas those bred on small farms had not been vaccinated at all. The sera collected from the animals were examined with the hemagglutination-inhibiting test for the presence of antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). The results obtained showed that only 5% of the animals reacted negatively, while the remaining 95% showed positive titres. In the group of vaccinated rabbits, no antibodies were found in three animals. Titres ranging from 100 to 800 were noted in 21 sera, while 9 animals reacted with titres of 1000 or more. Out of the 201 sera examined, 167 came from non-vaccinated rabbits originating from regions free of RHD. Positive titres of HI antibodies were not found in 7 samples. On the other hand, 80.2% of the animals were characterised by positive titres of 100 or more. In a similar research conducted in 1992 as much 68.4% of 215 sera tested were found negative for these antibodies. The results of the present research showed a very high percentage of sera with positive titres in non-vaccinated animals, which were free from the disease. This might suggest that non-pathogenic strains (RCV) related to the RHD virus exist also in Poland. It appears that such strains might have a similar effect as a vaccine, immunising the infected animals, which show no symptoms of the disease.
От 8 павших голубей с типичными симптомами расстройств со стороны центральной нервной системы изолировали 2 вирусных штамма, склассифицированных как A-PMV I. Эти штаммы, происходящие из материала, взятого их трахеи, индуцировали отчетливо цитопатическе изменения в культуре куриных фибробластов. Они были патогенными для куриных зародышей, а среднее время смерти (MDT) минимал:ной летальной дозы ID₅₀ в инокулум 0,2 мл составляло 120 часов. Исследования в электронной трансмиссионный микроскоп обнаружили в аллантоидной жидкости инфицированных зародышей наличие полиморфических вирионов. Величина вирусных частиц овальной формы составляла ок. 200 µМ, а удлиненных форм 460 X 80 µМ. Вирус отличались термостабильностью гемагглютинина, а темп. 56°С понижала их инфекционный титр на 2 лог. лишь через 30 мин. инкубации. Специфическая иммунная против штамма LaSota полностью нейтрализировала оба штамма. Внутривенно инфицированные голуби пали лишь после ввода крупной дозы неразбавленного вируса. Реизоляты из мозгово’ ткани и из кишек гемагглютинировали куриные эритроциты лишь после второго пассажа фибробластами, т.е. тогда, когда появились отчетливые цитопатические изменения.
The viral etiology of the disease was established on the basis of virological, anatomopathological, and bacteriological examinations. The isolated aetiological agent of the European Brown Hare Syndrome virus (EBHS; Calicivirdae, Logovirus) was used to produce its own vaccine against EBHS. The vaccine was used to immune 82 hares and eliminated the mortality rate of EBHS infected hares under controlled conditions. The study confirmed the minor pathogenicity of the EBHS virus for rabbits and indicated the presence of cross-immune reactions between the EBHS and RHD viruses.
The research objective was to apply the haemagglutination-inhibition test to determine the antibody level in silver fox serum. The animals were immunised with inactivated vaccines against mink viral enteritis, as well as attenuated vaccines against parvovirosis of dogs. The tests involved 35 females aged 6-7 months. It was shown that none of the vaccines have a negative influence on fox reproduction, and all the vaccines are immunogenic and may be used in the prevention of parvoviral infections in farm foxes.
Canine parvovirus disease appeared in the world and in Europe during the second half of the 1970s. Over the course of 40 years the original CPV-2 strains mutated and variants 2a, 2b and 2c appeared. Their appearance is connected with specific amino acid changes, mainly in the capsid protein VP2. Strains isolated by the authors were adapted for in vitro cell culture. Phylogenetic analysis revealed differences between strains isolated in Poland in 1982-1985 and in 1995-2009. Strains from the 1980s were shown to belong to variant CPV-2a (11 strains) and variant 2b (2 strains), while no fundamental differences were found among the genetic profiles of the strains from 1995-2009, which were classified as belonging to variant 2c.
The objective of the studies was to evaluate the effects of Isoprivet on the percentage of TCD4 and TCD8 lymphocytes in cats with the feline respiratory disease complex (FRDC) and the therapy of FRDC. It was found that Isoprivet used three times at 2 or 7 day intervals in cats with FRDC appeared to be a potent stimulator of cellular immune response. This activity was evaluated by a flow cytometry on the basis of the percentage of CD4 and CD8 molecules on T lymphocytes and their relative proportions. Good therapeutic effect and a shortening of convalescence were obtained in cats with FRDC after three subcutaneous Isoprivet injections. Moreover, Isoprivet prevented open disease in cats exposed to contacts with FRDC cats. It may be used with success in prophylaxis and therapy in cats with the upper respiratory tract infection, especially in the endemics of FRDC in larger concentrations or breeding farms of cats.
The purpose of the work was to assess the rate of ca­nine parvovirus infection in the Lublin region on the basis of HI antibodies. The authors evaluated the level of HI antibodies in sera taken from 105 dogs clinically healthy, aged from 10 weeks to 10 years, both sex, diffe­rent breed and mongrels. It was found that in all the sera there were present HI antibodies in the titres from 16 to 16 384. It is worth emphasising that only 23.8% of the dogs had been vaccinated before against CPV-2 and the titer of HI antibodies was not associated with the time of vaccination. This fact and a common presence of the antibodies indicate that the animals were exposed to the infection with CPV-2 naturally and many of them in despite of infection did not show any clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, one might assume that some wild parvovirus strains were avirulent and/or young dogs due to maternal specific antibodies were resistant to infection.
A case of listeriosis in new-born foxes has been descri­bed. At necropsy a significant enlargement of the spleen was observed, from which a pathogen was isolated in a pure culture. On agar medium with sheep blood (5 per cent), tiny colonies with a wide zone of beta-haemolysis were noticed after 24 hours growth. On microscopic films gram-positive rods measuring 2 by 0.5 |im were found. The rods were distinctively mobile at 22°C. They produced catalase, fermented aesculine, d-arabitol, rhamnose, alp- ha-methyl-D-glucoside and alpha-xylose. D-xylose, glucose- -1-phosphate, D-tagose and alpha-mannosidase were not fermented. The strains proved to be pathogenic for mice and guinea-pigs. A severe conjunctivitis was observed in guinea-pigs which were administered a suspension of the bacteria intraconjunctively. In the exudation, grampositi­ve rods were found (Anton’s test - positive). The examinations allowed the classification of the isolated bacteria as Listeria monocytogenes.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of peripheral blood granulocytes in rabbits with chronic trichophytosis by using commercial sets of Phagotest and Burstest adopted to flow cytometry. A strong suppression of unspecific cellular immune responses was found in rabbits with chronic trichophytosis. Once fungal infection is established it can only be destroyed by T cell-mediated mechanisms. T cells primarily function by activating macrophages and by promoting epidermal growth and keratinization. The destroyed unspecific immune mechanisms are manifested by decreased phagocyte activity and oxygen metabolism of granulocytes. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that when vaccine therapy is used to treat chronic trichophytosis in rabbits with unspecific immunity it should be modulated in order to restore the destroyed mechanisms of unspecific immunity. The latter's normal functioning is a prerequisite for the development of specific antifungal immunity.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD25 T lymphocyte subpopulations and the state of granulocytes activity in the peripheral blood of rabbits infected with Trichophyton mentagrophytes and immunized against trichophytosis by using the flow cytometry method. Our study revealed significant suppression of non-specific cellular antimycotic immunity in rabbits during the development of fungal lesions, which manifested a significant decrease in the phagocytic activity and oxygen metabolism of granulocytes and the decrease of CD3, CD4 subpopulations and CD25 T lymphocytes. Simultaneously, the increase of suppressor CD8 T cells and CD4/CD8 T-cells ratio were observed. The vaccine Alopevac can be used as an effective vaccine against rabbit trichophytosis. Alopevac restored non-specific cellular antimycotic immunity and proper CD4/CD8 T-cells ratio, which contributed to the effective elimination of fungal lesions.
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