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1

The comparative aspects of the overlap between limbic and somato-motor zones in the claustrum

100%
Majak K., Kowianski P., Karwacki Z., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
2

The quantitative but not qualitative changes in the maturation of the claustrocortical connections in the rat

100%
Kowianski P., Dziewiatkowski J., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
3

Unbiased stereology in the study of the maturation of the amygdalo-cortical connections

100%
Dziewiatkowski J., Kowianski P., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
4

Minocycline but not valproic acid influence the density of NogoA-immunoreactive neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus of the rats subjected to intracerebral haematoma

100%
Majak K., Domaradzka-Pytel B., Kowianski P., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2014
|
tom 73
|
nr 3
Intracerebral haemorrhage is a devastating neurological disease with high mortality rate and poor prognosis. The most prominent manifestation of the disease are the movement disorders, but many patients also suffer from cognitive impairment. Taking into account vulnerability of the neurons located within the hilus of the dentate gyrus (HDG) to many brain insults we decided to study the effect of experimentally induced intracerebral haematoma on density of neurons expressing NogoA protein in HDG. In addition, we studied how administration of valproic acid and minocycline, the two drugs generally believed to be neuroprotective agents, influences the density of these neurons. Our study revealed that 4 weeks after intracerebral haematoma induction, minocycline and valproic acid treatment increased the densities of NogoA-ir neurons in the hilus of contralateral dentate gyrus once the data were compared to ipsilateral hemispheres within the same group. The analysis of contralateral hemisphere data, however, revealed increased densities of NogoA-positive neurons in haematoma and valproic acid treated animals when compared to contralateral hemispheres of control animals. The administration of minocycline was, however, able to alleviate this increase. These changes may influence the haematoma-induced reorganisation of neuronal circuitries in the dentate gyrus. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 3: 279–285)
5

Does the volume of the claustrum correlate with the development of the neocortex in mammals? - stereologic study

100%
Dziewiatkowski J., Kowianski P., Kowianska J., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1997
|
tom 57
|
nr 5
6

Internal connections within the claustrum of the rat

100%
Lipowska M., Kowianski P., Majak K., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
7

Jak mierzyc, aby mierzyc dobrze. Zasady stereologiczne w badaniach morfometrycznych.

100%
Dziewiatkowski J., Kowianski P., Morys J.
Postępy Biologii Komórki
|
1998
|
tom 25
|
nr 2
193-209
8

General anaesthesia in rats undergoing experiments on the central nervous systems

100%
Karwacki Z., Kowianski P., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2001
|
tom 60
|
nr 4
235-242
The rat is one of the species most commonly used in laboratory practice. Numerous publications concerning various aspects of morphology and physiology are based on the results obtained in this species. It make these results comparable and under some precautions enables to transpose into the relationships observed in humans. Each experimental project must obtain the permission of the Local Ethical Committee, as well as comply with the regulations of the European Communities Council, outlined in the “European Convention for the protection of vertebrate animals used for experimental and other scientific purposes”. Adequate pre-operative care can eliminate or reduce the incidence of many complications, which may occur during anaesthesia. General anaesthesia in experimental practice can be achieved using a variety of drugs and ways of administration, among others inhalational or intravenous. The side effects of anaesthetic agents can be reduced in this way. Knowledge of the effect of anaesthetics on the cerebral circulation, metabolism and intracranial pressure in both normal and pathological conditions is crucial for neurobiological purposes. Many anaesthetic agents depress respiration, which can result in hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis. To maintain blood carbon dioxide and oxygen concentration in the physiological range, it is necessary to apply tracheal intubation and artificial ventilation. However, even when using sophisticated equipment, the role of basic clinical observation, such as the colour of the blood shed in the operation field, breathing depth and frequency, cannot be overestimated. The importance of monitoring mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure in experiments on the central nervous system is fundamental. Special attention should be paid to controlling the temperature and monitoring the fluid balance. Appropriate postoperative care can have a decisive influence on the final results of the research.
9

Postnatal maturation of the amygdalocortical projection-retrograde transport study and immunohistochemistry of synaptic proteins

100%
Dziewiatkowski J., Kowianski P., Biranowska J., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
10

Qualitative and quantitative differences in the motor and somatosensory cortical projections of the rat claustrum - combined retrograde transport and stereological studies

100%
Kowianski P., Morys J., Sadowski M., Dziewiatkowski J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2000
|
tom 59
|
nr 2
Using axonal retrograde tracing, combined with morphometric analysis, we compared the distribution and number of claustral neurons projecting to the motor and somatosensory cortical areas in the Wistar rat. Comparable volumes of the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold, were injected into the motor or somatosensory cortices. Injections into these areas resulted in labeling of neurons along the entire length of the claustrum. Neurons retrogradely labeled after injection into the motor cortex prevailed in the anterior part of the claustrum, whereas those projecting to the somatosensory cortex predominated in the central part. The mean number of claustral neurons retrogradely labeled after tracer injections into the motor cortex significantly outnumbered that from the somatosensory cortical area (p<0.01). Similarly, the mean value of the numerical density of the retrogradely labeled neurons was significantly higher for the motor projection zone in the claustrum, than for the somatosensory projection zone (p<0.001). The contralateral claustral projections, both into the motor and somatosensory cortices, were considerably lower in number than the ipsilateral ones. These findings indicate that: (1) the claustral projections to the various cortical regions seem to be differentiated (2) the distribution of claustral neurons projecting to the motor and somatosensory neocortical areas shows an anteroposterior gradient, (3) the claustrum of the rat appears to be more closely related to the motor than to the somatosensory system, (4) the rat claustrum seems to function more as a satellite than a relay structure in relationship to the cerebral cortex.
11

The piriform cortex and the endopiriform nucleus in the rat reveal generally similar pattern of connections

100%
Kowianski P., Lipowska M., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
1999
|
tom 58
|
nr 1
The afferent and efferent connections of the piriform cortex and the endopiriform nucleus in the rat were studied by the method of axonal transport of two fluorescent tracers: Fluoro-Gold and Fluoro-Ruby. The results indicate that both structures possess not only the connections with the olfactory system, but also the reciprocal connections with the limbic system (entorhinal cortex, amygdaloid body), thalamus (mediodorsal and midline nuclei), extrapyramidal system (ventral part of the nucleus accumbens). The topographic differences in the organisation of the association connections between the anterior and posterior parts of the piriform cortex are reported. Additionally, the reciprocal and relatively numerous connections between the endopiriformis nucleus and the piriform cortex may result in their modulatory function, which in some pathological circumstances may have a critical significance in epileptogenesis.
12

The different patterns of maturation of the claustrocortical connections in a rabbit

100%
Kowianski P., Dziewiatkowski J., Karwacki Z., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2000
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
The quantitative analysis of the claustrocortical connections labeled with the fluorescent retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) was conducted on 90 rabbits subdivided into the following age groups (P2, P7, P14, P21, P30, P60, P90, P120, P180). The equal volumes of retrograde fluorescent tracer FluoroGold (FG) were injected into the selected regions of the motor or somatosensory cortices. The volume of the dorsal part of the claustrum, total number of projecting neurons, numerical density and percentage distribution of projecting neurons were estimated by means of the unbiased stereological methods. The claustrocortical connections both with the motor and somatosensory areas in a rabbit are established in the postnatal life. The parts of the claustrum occupied by the motor and somatosensory projection zones as well as the morphology of the cortically projecting neurons do not reveal characteristic changes during the studied period. The significant decrease of the total number and numerical density of cortically projecting neurons as well as the increase of the claustral volume may reflect the process of adjustment of the claustrum to its modulatory function upon corresponding cortical areas. The intensity of the claustral connections with the motor and somatosensory cortices reveals significant difference during the studied period, being higher for the motor projection. It may be assumed that the claustrocortical connections established before birth undergo significant quantitative changes during postnatal development.
13

Co-localisation of NOS with calcium-binding proteins during the postnatal development of the rat claustrum

88%
Kowianski P., Morys J. M., Wojcik S., Dziewiatkowski J., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2003
|
tom 62
|
nr 3
211-214
An immunocytochemical double-staining method was applied in order to study the co-localisation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) with three calcium-binding proteins, calbindin D28k (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV) in the claustrum of the rat during the first 4 months of life (postnatal days: P0–P120). The co-localisation of NOS/PV and NOS/CB is reported. These neurons fall into the category of non-pyramidal cells. Double-labelled NOS/CB neurons are observed in the claustrum starting from P4, whereas double-labelled NOS/PV neurons are observed from P14 onwards. The percentages of double-labelled neurons increase in relation to the age. Double-labelled NOS/CB and NOS/PV neurons, although they do not constitute a numerous population, play an important role in the process of maturation of the claustrum. This is confirmed by the occurrence of these types of neurons at definite stages of maturation and by the increase in their number.
14

Does the sevorane influence the intracranial pressure (ICP) in the rabbits with experimental intracerebral hemorrhage ?

88%
Karwacki Z., Kowianski P., Dziewiatkowski J., Morys J., Suchorzewska J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
15

The technique of inhalation anaesthesia in experimental investigation in the rat

88%
Karwacki Z., Kowianski P., Witkowska M., Karwacka M., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 4
414-418
The rat is the most frequently used animal in scientific inquiry conducted for the purpose of advancing basic knowledge that may lead to an improvement in the results of treatment. Understanding of the pharmacological properties of inhalation anaesthetics, in combination with monitoring of their concentration in the inspired and end-tidal gas, together provide safe and precise control of the depth of the anaesthesia. However, accurate application of the inhalation method of anaesthesia requires special equipment for the delivery and effective scavenging of inhalation anaesthetics.
16

Valproic acid but not minocycline alleviates striatal neuron degeneration in the rat model of nitracerebral hematoma

88%
Majak K., Kowianski P., Dziewiatkowski J., Wojcik S., Morys J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 75
|
nr Supl.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The study evaluates the effect of experimentally induced intracerebral haematoma (ICH) on density of neurodegenerating neurons and volume of the rat striatum. In addition, we studied how administration of valproic acid and minocycline, the two drugs generally believed to be neuroprotective agents, influences the density of these neurons. METHODS: 80 adult male Wistar rats were assign to one of 4 experimental groups: control, (CON), haematoma (HAEM), haematoma and minocycline (MINO) and haematoma and valproic acid (VAL). Five animals from each experimental group were sacrificed at four time points: 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 24 weeks and 48 weeks after ICH. To assess the neurodegeneration the sections were stained with FluoroJadeB (FJB). The CellSense Dimension 1.5 (Olympus, Japan) image analysis system was employed to measure the densities of FJB-labelled neurons as well as volume of the striatum. Statistical analyses were performed using two way ANOVA with replications. To find differences between groups post-hoc Tukey test was applied. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Our study revealed that valproic acid treatment decreased the density of FJB-labeled degenerating neurons 4 weeks after ICH induction in the ipsilateral striatum. Minocycline did not have such effect. None of the two drugs influenced the volume of the striatum. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that valproic acid alleviates striatal neuron degeneration in the rat model of ICH. Because striatum has been implicated to play role in motor control as well as cognition and affective control, the valproic acid treatment might have beneficial effects on these processes after ICH.
17

Postnatal naturation of the claustrocortical projections into the motor and somatosensory areas in the rat

88%
Morys J., Kowianski P., Biranowska J., Wojcik S., Dziewiatkowski J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2001
|
tom 61
|
nr 3
18

Influeuce of the experimental intraventricular hemorrhage on the intracranial pressure and hemodynamic changes in the rabbit

88%
Karwacki Z., Kowianski P., Dziewiatkowski J., Morys J., Suchorzewska J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1999
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
19

Descending connections of the claustrocortical neuronal loop in the rat and rabbit

88%
Kowianski P., Morys J., Dziewiatkowski J., Karwacki Z., Spodnik J.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
1997
|
tom 57
|
nr 5
20

Postnatal development of NOS-ir neurons in the rat claustrum

88%
Kowianski P., Morys J. M., Wojcik S., Dziewiatkowski J., Morys J.
Folia Morphologica
|
2003
|
tom 62
|
nr 1
The morphological features of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-containing neurons in the rat claustrum (Cl) were studied during the period of four months after birth. Forty-five animals divided into nine groups, according to survival period (P0, P4, P7, P10, P14, P21, P28, P60, P120) were used in the study. The immunocytochemical staining to neuronal NOS was performed and the material was studied both qualitatively and quantitatively using unbiased stereological methods. Our observations indicate that the process of maturation of NOS-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in Cl takes place during the early postnatal period. We report the increase of numerical density of immunoreactive neurons, changes in neuronal size, expressed by the decrease of the percentage of small neurons with simultaneous increase of the participation of medium-sized neurons and large neurons. In the whole studied period the prevalence of oval and fusiform neurons is observed. However, the increase of the proportion of multipolar neurons takes place. Round neurons are most characteristic in the youngest groups of animals and later become dominated by the developing subpopulations of irneurons of other shapes. In the anterior, central and posterior parts of Cl, a similar pattern of maturation of NOS-ir neurons is observed. No prevalence of characteristically shaped neurons is observed in any part of Cl. The adult-like pattern of morphological features in the NOS-ir neuronal population in Cl is reached in the third postnatal week. The maturation of NOS-ir neurons in the claustrum is a dynamic process which is not stabilised at the moment of birth. It may be assumed that characteristic changes of the NOS-ir population of neurons may be influential on the physiological processes observed in Cl. These may in particular have some importance for the processes of synaptogenesis and establishing as well as refining of numerous claustral connections with the other structures of the central nervous system.
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