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Celem pracy było określenie wpływu sposobu użytkowania na zmiany składu gatunkowego runi. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2002-2007 w Sosnowicy na glebie mineralnej. W badaniach uwzględniono dwa sposoby użytkowania runi: pastwiskowy (wypas bydła rasy mięsnej Limousine) oraz symulowany (częste koszenie, proporcjonalne do ilości wypasów). Drugim czynnikiem badawczym było 6 mieszanek trawiasto-motylkowatych z gatunkami testowanymi (Poa pratensis, Festulolium braunii, Festulolium loliaceum - 2 rody, Lolium perenne i Festuca pratensis). Natomiast stałymi komponentami mieszanek były: Phleum pratense, Dactylis glomerata i Trifolium repens. Główną uwagę skupiono na udziale mieszańców Festulolium loliaceum w runi w porównaniu do pozostałych gatunków uwzględnionych w badaniach. Skład gatunkowy ulegał znacznym zmianom w latach badań i był uzależniony od sposobu użytkowania runi oraz wysianej mieszanki nasion. Mieszańce Festulolium loliaceum charakteryzowały się w latach badań średnio udziałem zbliżonym do ilości uwzględnionej w mieszance nasion (30%), natomiast w roku 2007 ich udział wynosił 44,1-59,7% (I ród) oraz 43,9-47,6% (II ród). Wśród gatunków testowanych dużym udziałem odznaczały się również Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis i Festulolium braunii, natomiast znacznie mniejszym Festuca pratensis. W runi pastwiskowej zanotowano większy udział Trifolium repens i L. perenne oraz mniejszy udział gatunków z grupy ziół i chwastów.
The biological value of fodder is estimated on the basis of its content of particular macroelements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg). Concentration of these components in fodder depends on many factors, mainly on the properties of soil, type of land use and growth phase of crops. The aim of this paper was to estimate the effect of soil properties, land use and species composition of a sward mixture on the content of macroelements, total protein and acid detergent fibre in grass-legumes sward. In 2002-2005 a field study was carried out on mineral and organic soil in Sosnowica (near the Wieprz-Krzna Canal). Two land use types were tested: pasture (sward grazed by cattle) and simulated (sward frequently cut, proportionally to the grazings). Six grass-legumes mixtures were sown, including the following species: Poa pratensis, Festulolium braunii, Festulolium loliaceum (2 strains), Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. Tetraploid hybrids of Festulolium loliaceum [Festuca pratensis (4x) x Lolium perenne (4x) were obtained at the Institute of Plant Genetics PAS in Poznañ. Pasture sward was grazed by Limousine cattle 5-6 times during the grazing season, while the simulated sward was cut at the same time. Chemical composition of fodder (total protein, ADF, P, K, Ca, Mg) was estimated. Sward on organic soil was characterized by a significantly higher content of total protein, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium as well as a significantly lower content of potassium in comparison to sward on mineral soil. Moreover, a significantly higher content of potassium and significantly lower content of magnesium in pasture sward were observed. Sward was of perfect quality (content of ADF) and had an optimum content of basic macroelements. No influence of the examined species in the mixtures on feed quality was observed. Consequently, compared to the other species, Festulolium loliaceum hybrids prove to be suitable for to pasture mixtures in a postboggy habitat.
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate a share of x Festulolium loliaceum (Huds.) P. Fourn. hybrids in comparison to other species in monoculture pasture sward. The studies were carried out in the years 2002-2005 in Sosnowica on mineral and organic soil. Five species were sown in monoculture: Poa pratensis, Festulolium braunii, Festulolium loliaceum (2 strains), Lolium perenne and Festuca pratensis. Tetraploid hybrids of Festulolium loliaceum [Festuca pratensis (4x) X Lolium perenne (4x)] were bred in The Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences in Poznań. The sward was grazed by Limousine cattle 5-6 times in a growing season. The share of tested species was determined by analyzing of surface cover by the Weber method. Moreover, the quantity of sown species as well as species appearing in a monoculture in following years of utilization were determined by the Braun-Blanquet method. The results of carried researches indicate a systematical increase of the share of other species, especially herbs and weeds. Festulolium loliaceum and Lolium perenne hybridswere characterized by the highest share in the pasture sward after 4 years of utilization, Festuca pratensis by the lowest share.
This paper evaluates the influence of the use of methods of Molinia meadows in eastern Poland on changes in its biodiversity and species composition. Research was carried out in 2006-10 on Molinia meadows near Uściwierz lake, located in the Pojezierze Łęczyńsko-Włodawskie (Lake District). The studied complex was classified to [Selino carvifoliae-Molinietum] meadows. Meadows were used in a specific method: 1. 1-cut meadow (June), 2. 1-cut meadow (June) + grazing (August), 3. abandoned meadow (since 2000). The above-mentioned methods of use caused the transformation of the typical structure of Selino-Molinietum meadow. I observed the initial succession of forest associations with a large share of Salix rosmarinifolia and Betula pubescens on unused meadow. The highest share of the characteristic species of the Selino-Molinietum association was characterized by abandoned meadow.
The study was carried out in 2011–2013 at selected complexes of Molinia meadows located in Bagno Bubnów (Polesie National Park). Tested complexes were characterized by the dominance of Molinia meadows, which bordered to other plant communities. The study area was characterized by a large number of plant species under strict and partial protection. Ostericum palustre, species protected by Habitat Directive occurred in all complexes. A total of 107 plant species in the Selino-Molinietum caeruleae association were noted. Greater biodiversity was characterized by meadows situated in the Polesie National Park compare to the private one. It should be noted that the private Molinia meadows which directly adjacent to the Polesie National Park are mostly well-preserved habitats, involving protected plant species.
In studies performed in 1998-2001, yielding and sward species composition of six mixtures performed for pasture with Lolium perenne participation was compared. Studies revealed that species share in pasture fodder achieved was variable both depending on species composition or mixtures sown, soiI conditions and year of performance. Yielding and species composition of six mixtures performed for pasture (BG-5 and BG-6 by Barenburg, Mkb-1 and Mkb-2 by Land O’Lakes as well as P-1 and P-2 by Rolimpex), with special attention paid to Lolium perenne L. share was compared in studies carried out in 1998-2001. Above mixtures were sown onto two pasture quarters of about 1 ha area cach in band design. Particular mixtures covered the area of about 0,165 ha each. Quarters differed with soiI conditions (one localized on mucky-peat, the other on mucky-mineral soil). The share of Lolium perenne cultivars in mixtures sown (1998) ranged from 9,5% (P-2) up to 15,8% (Mkb-2). Sward in studied quarters was performed for grazing in 1999-2001 (4 cuts), except from the first cut in 1999 and 2001. The first cut was harvested in this period because of long-term excessive humidity. The share of Lolium perenne in pasture fodder achieved was variable both depending on species composition of mixtures sown, soil conditions, and year of performance. In 1999, the share of Lolium perenne was higher in the sward of mixtures on mucky-mineral soil. Soil conditions in 2000-2001 did not affect the species share. In the third year of experiment (2001), also great differentiation of Lolium perenne share in the sward depending on mixture type was found. The least share of the species was observed in the sward of P-1 mixture (25,9-31,4% ), the highest in the sward of BG-5 mixture (61,7-62,7% ).
In the years 1997–2011, studies were conducted to assess the persistence and stability of the share of Lolium perenne cultivars (Polish varieties Anna, Arka, Maja, Solen, Rela and the SZD-291 strain, and Dutch varieties Baristra, Barezane and Barlano) in the sward of two grassland mixtures. The experiments were established on peat-muck soil (Mt II). The greatest impact on stability of the share of the particular cultivars of Lolium perenne in the sward of the tested mixtures was exerted by unfavourable thermal conditions of the winter of 2002/2003, high or low precipitation volumes, and the related varying groundwater level in the second half of the growing season preceding the assessment of the species composition.
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