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Fityniany są związkami interesującymi żywieniowców ze względu na ich integrację w gospodarkę pierwiastkami metalicznymi u ludzi i zwierząt. Wyjaśnienie zdolności tych związków do wiązania makro i mikropierwiastków oraz białka i innych związków pozwoli na wybór takich procesów technologicznych w przerobie surowców pochodzenia roślinnego, które umożliwią właściwe ich wykorzystanie.
The study was conducted to determine the influence of pH and temperature on endogenous phytases activity and to investigate the influence of pH and temperature of soaking on hydrolysis of inositol hexaphosphate in lentil, pea, and faba bean seeds. In the first experiment, the sodium phytate was hydrolyzed by phytase extracted from the germinated seeds and the released inorganic phosphorus was measured. The second experiment relied on measuring the changes in seed contents of inositol phosphates as affected by soaking-activated phytases at 37°C, 45°C and 55°C and pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.4, 7.0 and 8.0. In both experiments, the highest activities of endogenous phytase were found in pH 5.0 for lentil, pH 4.0 for faba bean and pH 7.0 for pea, and the temperature of 45°C appeared to be the most suitable for enzyme activity, for all examined species. The obtained results, proved by two experiments, can indicate that above mentioned pHs and temperatures are convenient for optimal activity of phytase enzyme in examined seeds, what can be used in the technology of fodder and food production.
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Phytate-degrading activity in lactic acid bacteria

80%
The phytate-degrading and phosphatase activities of several Lactobacillus strains belonging to different species and isolated from different ecosystems were tested. The specific activities against phytate (InsP6) varied from 0.024 to 0.531 U/mg protein, being the highest for L. casei DSM 20011. The studied strains hydrolysed p-nitrophenylphosphate at higher rates than phytate, except for L. casei DSM 20011 and L. plantarum W42. The ability of the different strains to hydrolyse InsP6 and generate lower myo-inositol phosphates during growth was tested by HPLC. The InsP6 hydrolysis was in the range from 0.0 to 8.83%, being the highest for L. plantarum W42 and L. plantarum 110, followed by L. casei 40W. The optimal pH and temperatures of phytate-degrading activity varied in the range from 5.0 to 7.5 and from 50 to 60°C, respectively. The incorporation of different types of carbon sources or inorganic phosphate to the growth medium modulated the synthesis of phytate-degrading enzymes in the studied strains. Further studies should be carried out to provide progress in the understanding of the potential nutritional and technological roles of the most active strains in the elaboration of whole sour breads.
Phenolic compounds were extracted from lentil seeds (Lens culinaris) using acetone-water, methanol-water and ethanol-water system (8:2 v/v) at 80°C. The content of sugars and phenolic compounds in the extracts was determined colorimetrically. U V spectra were measured and TLC analysis was performed on silica gel to compare phenolic compounds extracted with particular solvent systems. Prevailing amount of sugars and phenolic compounds was extracted by all three solvent systems during the first 15 min of extraction. Acetone-water system extracted markedly greater amounts of phenolic compounds compared with methanol-water or ethanol-water systems. UV spectra of the extracts were similar. In acetone extract, TLC analysis revealed the presence of tannins of higher molecular weight which were not found in ethanol and methanol extracts.
The purpose of this study was to examine a rapid method for measurement of total antioxidant status (TAS) from a sample of selected cereal grains. Extracts prepared from buckwheat and oat had higher TAS values than extracts from wheat and barley. TAS value of extract from rye was below detection limit. We indicate that values of TAS of selected cereal grains strongly depend on the content of phenolic compounds and soluble protein. The test employed in the study, can be applied in estimation of the Total Antioxidant Status of substances extracted from cereals with phosphate buffer pH=7.0.
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