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1

Functional dissociation within the reward system in humans

100%
Jednorog K., Szatkowska I., Marchewka A., Wolak T., Bogorodzki P.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2007
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tom 67
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nr 3
2

Sex differences in implicit memory:an fMR1 study using weather prediction probabilistic classivication task

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Pilacinski A., Wolak T., Grabowska A., Krolicki L., Szatkowska I.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2009
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tom 69
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nr 3
Several recent studies have shown sex-related differences in the neural organization of memory processes. However, as the majority of investigations involved explicit memory tasks, little is known about potential differences between men and women in the organization of implicit memory processes. Our study addressed this issue. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare the patterns of brain activity in men and women performing the weather prediction probabilistic classifi cation task which is a tool for assessing implicit learning. In this task, subjects learn to predict the weather using associations that are formed gradually across many trials, because of the probabilistic nature of the cueoutcome relationships. Although both men and women exhibited similar level of behavioral performance, between-sex group analysis of the BOLD response demonstrated greater activity in men than in women in dorsolateral prefrontal (BA 9, 46), parietal (BA 7, 40), and occipital (18, 19) cortices. In contrast, women activated insular (BA 13), temporal (BA 21, 22) and ventrolateral prefrontal (BA 44) cortices. Differences between men and women in the patterns of brain activity might refl ect distinct strategies used in the weather prediction probabilistic classifi cation task. Our results indicate that neural activity underlying implicit memory differs between sexes, despite of lack of differences in behavioral effi - ciency.
3

Neuroanatomical correlates of fast forward training: an fMR1 study

100%
Lewandowska M., Piatkowska-Janko E., Bogorodzki P., Wolak T., Szelag E.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2009
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tom 69
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nr 3
Using fMRI we tested brain activations involved in temporal processing following Fast ForWord (FFW) training in 11 young volunteers. They performed the Temporal Order Judgment task in two sessions: before and after the training. The task was to report the order of two sounds presented in rapid succession. Each pair consisted of a short (10-ms) and a long (50-ms) sound separated by Inter-Stimulus-Intervals of 160 ms (easy condition), 60 ms (medium) and 10 ms (diffi cult). FFW training was applied for ca. 8 weeks with four 1-hour sessions per week. The brain activations during particular conditions (“before vs. after” and “after vs. before”) the training were compared using paired sample t-tests from SPM5. ‘Before vs. after’ comparisons resulted in the following activations: (1) easy condition – left cerebellum, (2) medium condition – cerebellum and insula bilaterally, left thalamus and putamen and moreover, bilaterally selected areas of the temporal, frontal and parietal lobes, (3) diffi cult condition – left insula and the left temporal, frontal and parietal gyri. “After vs. before” comparisons showed no signifi cant differences for each condition, thus, indicating no increase of activation “after” than “before” the training. These results support the involvement of above structures in timing and suggest decreased brain activation in timing tasks following FFW training. We thank Scientifi c Learning for the opportunity to use FFW grant MSHE no.: 1082/P01/2006/31.
4

The relationship between alpha burst activity and the default mode network

72%
Rusiniak M., Wrobel A., Ciesla K., Pluta A., Lewandowska M., Wojcik J., Skarzynski P. H., Wolak T.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2018
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tom 78
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nr 2
Alpha rhythm, described by Hans Berger, is mainly recorded from the occipital cortex (OCC) of relaxed subjects with their eyes closed. Early studies indicated the thalamo‑cortical circuit as the origin of alpha rhythm. Recent works suggest an additional relationship between alpha rhythm and the Default Mode Network (DMN). We simultaneously recorded electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals in 36 young males asked to alternately close and open their eyes in 30‑s blocks. Using an EEG source channel montage (the recorded signal was interpolated to designated source positions corresponding to certain brain regions) we found an alpha rhythm sub‑activity composed of its intrinsic events, called alpha bursting segments (ABS). More ABS were observed on source channels related to the DMN than those located over the OCC. Similarly, both the beamformer source analysis and fMRI indicated that the specific ABS activity detected on the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC) source channel was less related to the OCC than to the DMN source channels. The fMRI analysis performed using the PCC‑ABS as a general linear model regressor indicated an increased blood oxygenation level‑dependent signal change in DMN nodes – precuneus and prefrontal cortex. These results confirm the OCC source of alpha activity and additional specific sources of ABS in the DMN.
5

Parkinson's disease leads to distorted interaction of episodic and working memory systems

59%
Gawrys L., Szatkowska L., Pilacinski A., Piatkowska-Janko E., Bogorodzki P., Wolak T., Friedman A., Sienkiewicz J., Koziorowski D., Janik P., Jamrozik Z., Krolicki L., Andrysiak R., Kulinski R., Kaczmarek L.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2009
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tom 69
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nr 3
Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) exhibit impairments in executive function and working memory. As opposed to motor symptoms of the disease the physiological origins of cognitive defi cits are not well understood. The aim of the present study was to delineate mechanisms of cognitive impairment in PD using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Twenty-two patient and 10 matched control subjects accomplished Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) – standard clinical measure of executive function and then underwent fMRI during performance of the N-Back working memory task.The correlation analysis comparing BOLD signal intensity changes with number of categories achieved in WCST revealed a signifi cant positive correlation within supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, middle and inferior frontal gyrus and caudate nucleus. Signifi cant negative correlations with executive impairment were observed within fusiform and parahippocampal gyrus, as well as enthorhinal and perirhinal cortex. These results suggest that cognitive impairment in PD may origin in consequence of distorted interaction between episodic and working memory systems.
6

The neural correlates of specific executive dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease

59%
Gawrys L., Falkiewicz M., Pilacinski A., Riegel M., Piatkowska-Janko E., Bogorodzki P., Wolak T., Andrysiak R., Krolicki L., Kulinski R., Koziorowski D., Janik P., Rymarczyk K., Grabowska A., Kaczmarek L., Szatkowska I.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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2014
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tom 74
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nr 4
Several functional neuroimaging studies in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) have suggested that changes in the fronto-parietal-striatal networks are associated with deficits in executive functioning. However, executive functions (EF) are multifaceted and include three dissociable components: working memory, response inhibition, and task-switching. This study investigated which component of executive functioning is most strongly associated with fronto-parietal-striatal efficiency in PD. PD patients (with and without executive dysfunction), and age-matched healthy subjects, completed a battery of cognitive tests previously shown to discriminate among the three EF components. Principal component analysis conducted on the selected cognitive test variables yielded three expected EF components. The component scores were used in regression analysis to assess the relationship between the EF efficiency and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal related to performing the n-back, an experimental task that draws upon multiple components of executive functioning: working memory, response inhibition, and task-switching. We found distinct neural correlates of specific executive dysfunctions in patients with PD. However, all of them seem to be associated with fronto-parietal-striatal efficiency.
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