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Background. Chemical composition and medicinal potential of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica), Cedrus deodara (C. deodara) and Artemisia persica (A. persica) prompts the need to investigate antioxidant attributes of these species as altemative source of natural antioxidants. The main aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts of these plants towards stabilization of sunflower oil as oxidation substrate. Material and methods. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging activity, peroxide value, iodine value, conjugated dienes, trienes and P-anisidine value were determined by recommended methods of AOCS. Results. It was observed that all the plant extracts possessed antioxidant activity, but generalized statement was in favour of Centella asiatica. DPPH scavenging activity of Centella asiatica extract was just like BHT emphasising the antioxidant potential of Centella asiatica in fats and oil containing foods. Conclusion. Centella asiatica extracts can be explored as a source for antioxidant components for food preservation. However, further studies may be carried out to isolate and identify more specific natural and safe antioxidants by combining various analytical techniques.
Pb, a major environmental pollutant, can bio-accumulate in different tissues of food animals. The present study was accomplished to investigate the presence of Pb residues in various tissues of Lohi sheep (n = 360) and its deleterious effects. The blood and tissue samples (kidney, liver, and muscles) were collected from a local slaughterhouse for 6 weeks and analyzed through flame atomic absorption sepectrophotometry. The Pb concentration was determined to be maximum in kidney samples, followed by liver, serum, and muscle. In our analysis, 82.78% of muscle samples showed Pb concentrations below the maximum permissible limit (1 mg/kg) by the Australia New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA). While values of serum ALT, AST, ALP, and urea were within normal range. In all the samples, RBC, TLC, PCV, and Hb values were significantly lower than control (P<0.05). Based on the above results, Lohi sheep seems to be quite resistant to the deleterious effects of Pb; however, its edible offal and lean muscle could pose a serious risk to public health.
The development of drought tolerant wheat cultivars has been slow due to lack of understanding the diagnostic physiological parameters associated with improved productivity under water stress. We evaluated responses to PEG induced osmotic stress under hydroponics in D-genome synthetic derived and bread wheat germplasm with the main aim to unravel and identify some promising attributes having role in stress tolerances. Genotypes used in this study differed in their morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. Tolerant genotypes exhibited the ability to ameliorate harmful effects of PEG induced osmotic stress through better osmotic adjustment achieved through substantial relative water content (RWC), lowered osmotic potential, relatively stable root length having maximum water extraction capacity, significant increase in osmoprotectant concentration and relatively enhanced antioxidant activities. The results clearly revealed the importance of synthetic derivatives over check cultivars and conventional wheats in terms of osmotic stress responses. Interestingly, synthetic-derived advanced lines with Aegilops tauschii in its parentage including AWL-02, AWL-04 and AWL-07 proved superior over the best rainfed check cultivar (Wa-01). It was concluded that syntheticderived wheats has great potential to improve a range of stress adaptive traits. It could, therefore, be recommended to be a useful strategy for allowing modern bread wheat to become adapted to a wider range of environments in future climate change scenarios.
Invertase has a vital role in ethanol fermentation, especially on sucrose-containing media. In this study, catabolite-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated through gamma ray mutagenesis with improved productivity of ethanol and invertases. Enzyme productivity of mutant yeast was compared with that of the parent. Various fermentation parameters were optimized, including substrate concentration, pH, and temperature on the production of invertase and ethanol. Applying optimized conditions (pH 4.6, 37ºC) at lab scale, industrial scale experiments in 300 m³ fermenters were performed. Mutants had completed fermentation with high efficiency in 28 hrs irrespective of parents that took 36 hrs. The mutant obtained is of great commercial value as it has the potential to enhance the overall profitability of the fermentation process through advancement in the quality of the final product.
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