In cases of glaucoma with elevated intra ocular pressure, the first objective of treatment is its reduction and normalization. In cases when excessive pressure has resulted in a loss of vision, the aim of treatment is to attenuate the pain and to improve the comfort of the patient. This paper presents a case of glaucoma secondary to anterior uveitis, resistant to pharmacological treatment. A gonioscopic examination in both eyes revealed a narrowed filtration angle. An ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus showed partial retinal detachment. The cyclodialysis procedure was performed in both eyes. In the post-surgery period, intraocular pressure (IOP) in both eyes showed a downward tendency. The treatment of glaucoma secondary to anterior uveitis, particularly in its advanced state, often requires the combination of pharmacological treatment with a surgical procedure. Positive results in maintaining the patency of the fistula were observed after the application of a steroid therapy and a regular massage of filtration bleb, which significantly contributed to maintaining IOP at a desired level.
Angle-recession glaucoma, being a consequence of blunt injury of an eyeball, is likely to develop in both a short or very distant period. The likelihood of the incidence of that condition in the clinical form is determined by the extent of injuries of ciliary cleft structures, especially of a trabecular meshwork. The manuscript reports a case of an early glaucoma secondary to a blunt injury of an eyeball with symptoms of angle recession to 300° of periphery and intraocular pressure (IOP) at a level of 62 mmHg. The basic diagnostic examination that enables the evaluation of an angle, iris root and an opening to the ciliary cleft is gonioscopy. In case of a lack of response to the pharmacological reduction of IOP, a method of choice still remains a surgical procedure. In the reported case, a drainage procedure was applied in the form of implantation of the Ahmed valve prosthesis. Control tonometric examinations of the operated eye, performed over a 20-week period of postoperative management, demonstrated IOP at a level of 19 mmHg.
Discoloration of the feline iris belongs to the group of anomalies of various etiologies. In diagnosis, nevus pigmentosus, hyperpigmentation, heterochromia iridis and neoplasms have to be considered. Uveal neoplasms include diffuse iris melanoma (DIM) and primary iris and ciliary body melanoma as solid tumors. The paper presents a case of an 11-year-old male Persian cat with histologically diagnosed iris and ciliary body epithelial melanoma. The treatment of choice was enucleation. The morphologically and histologically described melanoma comprised characteristics of both uveal melanoma. The tumor consisted of anaplastic, round, hypopigmented cells with pleomorphic nuclei and prominent nucleoli and balloon-cells with hollow-spheres surrounding nuclei. No spindle-like melanocytes typical for eye primary melanoma were observed. The tumor caused a narrowing filtration angle and secondary glaucoma as well as wide choroid infiltration towards optic nerve papilla and retinal detachment. In the described case no metastasis or local recidivation was discerned.
In this research two kinds of stimulation electrodes were compared in motor nerve conduction study: needle electrodes used in human medicine and electrodes made of injection needles connected to the stimulator via alligator-type electrodes. A study was conducted in 22 mixed-breed dogs. The resulting values of the potential amplitudes of the stimulus, the parameters of the complex muscle potentials, and the motor nerve conduction velocity were statistically compared. There was no statistical difference between the parameters obtained with the two types of stimulation electrodes. The results of our research constitute a basis for improving present-day procedures, improving aseptic procedures, reducing tissue trauma during research and lowering research costs due to the introduction of injection-needle electrodes and their benefits into the study of motor nerve conduction in animals.
Ehrlichiosis is the multiorgan infectious disease caused by small, intracellular rickettsias from the genus Ehrlichia. These microorganisms are known as an etiologic factor of infections world wide in humans and in different species of animals. Dog ehrlichiosis can be caused by several species of Ehrlichia attacking different groups of blood cells, but most often an infection by Ehrlichia canis is diagnosed with special relation to monocytes. A vector for E. canis are Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes ricinus, commonly occurring in Poland. Disease caused by E. canis is known as Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME). The disease most often has an asymptomatic course which can, in favourable circumstances, run into acute or chronic forms. The acute form of CME proceeds usually with fever, apathy, weakness and accompanying respiratory symptoms, lameness and disturbances in blood coagulation. In laboratory examinations thrombocytopenia, anemia and leucopenia are ascertained. The chronic form of CME proceeds among gentle, unspecific symptoms which may last even 5 years. The CME diagnosis is difficult and often demands parallel different diagnostic methods. A medicines of choice in the ehrlichiosis treatment are antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines, given at least for 28 days. They are largely efficient during treatment of the acute CME, causing the quick improvement. Instead, in the case of chronic form, answer for treatment can be weak, and cases of resistance to antibiotics ave known.
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