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The aim of this study was to examine the effect of spraying two herbicidal ionic liquid (HIL) forms of MCPA – namely Ethoquad O-12 and didecyldimethylammonium (a cation) and MCPA (an anion) – on the uptake of Mn, Zn, and Cu by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The total elemental contents of the aboveground parts of the spring barley were measured using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy 24 and 72h after fields were sprayed. The data was compared to controls that consisted of the corresponding treatments using a commercial formulation of MCPA as a salt or ester. The field studies revealed lower contents of Mn, Zn, and Cu in the material after use of commercial formulation compared to HILs. This clean technology provides the means to reduce toxic waste from an industrial chemical process and increase its efficiency in terms of weed control by increasing the absorption rate of macro-and microelements.
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of spraying two commercially available MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid) formulations as a salt (Chwastox Extra 300 SL), as an ester (Chwastox AS 600 EC), and as two herbicidal ionic liquid (HIL) forms of MCPA – namely Ethoquad O-12 (ETQ-O12) and didecyldimethylammonium (DDA, a cation), and MCPA (an anion) – on the uptake of Ca, Mg, and Fe by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The total elemental contents of the aboveground parts of the spring barley were measured using FAAS (Varian AA240FS) 24 h and 72 h after fields were sprayed and compared with untreated plants. The field studies revealed lower contents of Ca, Mg, and Fe in the material after use of the commercial formulation compared to HILs. The greatest reduction in the uptake of macroelements was observed after using MCPA as a salt; the reduction amounted to 28% for Fe and 14% Mg, while for Ca it was 10%, but for Mg the differences between treatments were not significant in any case. The greatest drops in the uptake of the reference macroelements were observed for Chwastox 300 SL
Concentrations of metals, i.e. As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn were analysed in bottom deposits of a marine port in Ustka and within the adjacent beach sections. Metal concentrations within the port channel may be ordered in terms of increasing values as: Cd < As < Ni < Zn < Cu < Pb < Mn. Heavy metal concentrations detected in port sediments were much higher than those in beach deposits. Samples of surface waters were also collected from the port channel, harbour basins and nearby beaches and selected physico-chemical indexes were determined, including heavy metal concentrations.
Organic compounds, active components of plant protection products, can form complexes with heavy metals. It has an effect on chemical properties of initial compounds. Such modified compounds can be characterized by different effectiveness. They also can influence metal mobility in soil as well as their availability to plants.
Organic compounds, active components of plant protection products, can form complexes with heavy metals. It has an effect on chemical properties of initial compounds. Such modified compounds can be characterized by different effectiveness. They also can influence metal mobility in soil as well as their availability to plants.
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