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In the two-year field trials the effect of row covering of early potatoes were investigated on the total tuber yield and the yield of ware potatoes. Experiments were performed with cv. Adora at the Přerov on Labem locality in the Czech Republic. Row covering with textile positively influenced the yield of ware potatoes during harvest 67 days after planting (in the variant with the textile removed on 25th day after planting it was 20.1% higher as compared to the variant when the textile was removed on 45th day after planting).
In the three-year field trials the effect of ecological cultivation of table potatoes (in comparison with conventional cultivation) on the selected factors of tuber quality was estimated. Trials were performed at two localities in the Czech Republic with seven varieties. Based on the statistical evaluation it is evident that the ecological cultivation positively affected nitrate and reducing sugar content. In ecological variant the nitrate content was by 11% lower and reducing saccharide content was by 22% lower as compared to conventional option. Contrary a negative effect of ecological cultivation was determined in total polyphenol content (by 10.2% higher) and yields per ha (by 36% lower). Cultivation method did not significantly affect the dry matter content and glycoalkaloid content.
In three-year field trials the effect of row covering with early potatoes on selected factors of tuber quality was evaluated. Experiments were conducted the Přerov on Labem locality in the Czech Republic with Adora and Impala potato cultivars. On the basis of statistical analysis of the results it is evident that row covering with the fleece 60 days after planting positively influenced dry matter content in tubers, but did not affect the content of polyphenols, nitrate and ascorbic acid.
Czechia lost more than 3,000,000 inhabitants as a result of the WW II. Germans displaced from the borderland formed the largest part. The newcomers after 1945 were of a different character – without any relation to their new settlements. This population formed a special social milieu familiar with the socialist way of thinking and that of a suppressed middle class. The consequences of it are seen in demographic, economic, environmental and social areas. After 1989, the factories in the borderland were mostly closed down, armies left the territory, people were not prepared to start their own businesses. Large-scale landscape protection formed a new barrier. Tourism is not able to substitute for the decrease in employment. The hope in cross-border collaboration has been overestimated.
During 1999-2001 and in 2003 the effect of white fleece Pegas-agro 17 UV on the yield formation in the early irrigated potatoes (Adora and Impala cvs) was investigated in an early potatoes region of the Czech Republic. The fleece was placed over the crops for 30 days (1999), 49 days (2000), 35 days (2001) or 45 days (2003) after the planting. The fleece significantly increased yield of commercial tubers in the early harvest (02.06.1999 - 52.5%, 31.05.2000 - 21.3%, 07.06.2001 - 33.7% and 04.06.2003 - 463% in comparison with the control in average values of both cultivars). In the later sequential harvests the differences between the variant with fleece and the control variant diminished and at the end of June they were already nonsignificant. Between cultivars the greater yield effect was found in Impala as compared with Adora cv. A favourable influence of the fleece on the soil temperatures was demonstrated and also the heat insulating effect of the fleece during ground frosts was proved.
The experiment was conducted during two years (2008-2009) in Leškovice (the Czech Republic) on potato cv. 'Finka and Katka’ at 0.45 x 0.80 m spacing. In the experiment 2 types of mulch were used: textile mulch and grass mulch. The use of grass mulch decreased the attack of potato haulm by Phytophtora infestans by 8.2% as compared to the control variant (without mulch) and textile mulch decreased the late blight attack on tubers by 2.6% (as compared to the control variant). Grass mulch influenced the number and size of tubers, increasing the number and the weight of tubers of over 56 mm and on the other hand decreasing the weight of tubers of under 40 mm as compared to the control variant. The yield of ware potatoes was higher in the plots with mulches on the average in 2008-2009 (as compared to non-mulched control variant where the yield was higher by 6.0 t·ha⁻¹ in grass mulch and by 5.7 t·ha⁻¹ in textile mulch).
In precise field trials on three locations in the Czech Republic the impact of yellow, red and purple-fleshed potato cultivars in the years 2006 and 2007 was investigated as well as the effect of location conditions on antioxidant activity (AA) of tubers (expressed by ABTS assay in mg ascorbic acid 100 g⁻¹1 FM). The highest AA was determined in the darkly purple-fleshed cv. Violette (95.4 mg ascorbic acid·100 g⁻¹ FM). In the purple and red-fleshed cultivars, AA was on the average 2.9 times higher as compared to yellow-fleshed cultivars. Significant AA differences between purple and red-fleshed cultivars were found; the cultivars of the highest total anthocyanin content (TAC ranged from 18.6 to 64.1 mg·100 g⁻¹ FM) were reaching the highest AA values. The obtained results did not prove the impact of location on AA of tubers.
In precise field trials at five localities in the CR within years 2004-2005 the effects of different locality conditions and yellow- and purple- fleshed potato cultivars on ascorbic acid (AA) and total polyphenol (TP) contents in tubers were determined. AA content on average of nine cultivars reached the value 170.3 mg·kg⁻¹ FM and was demonstrably affected by the genotype of cultivar and locality conditions. The highest level was achieved in Marabel cv.; in other eight cultivars AA contents lower by 5-33% were estimated. Among five localities the highest AA content at the locality in lowland region (174 m a. s.) with the warmest and dry climate and light-textured soils was determined. In the case of total polyphenols no significant difference among localities was found, but the tendency to higher TP (by 9-22% as compared to other localities) at the locality Stachy was observed, what was connected with apparently lower temperature during vegetation period at this locality. In Valfi purple flesh cultivar higher by 90% TP content was found as compared with the mean value for yellow flesh cultivars. In the group of yellow flesh cultivars significant differences of TP content among particular cultivars were also determined.
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of genotype in a total of twelve varieties with purple- and red-fleshed tubers on the content of important antioxidants - total polyphenols (TP), ascorbic acid (AA) and total anthocyanins (TA). Precise field experiments were performed in 2008 and 2009 in the Czech Republic. Genotype of the variety showed a significant influence on the contents of the TP, AA and TA. Purple- and red-fleshed varieties reached 2.7 to 3.8 times higher content of the TP in comparison with control yellow-fleshed variety, difference between them has a maximum of 16.8%. The highest AA content in the group of the varieties with colored pulp showed the Highland Burgundy Red variety (233 mg·kg⁻¹ FM), which with other two varieties matched the yellow-fleshed control, for other varieties a decrease of 18.5 to 28.0% was demonstrated. The TA content varied in a wide range from 68.7 to 573.5 mg cyanidin·kg⁻¹ FM and corresponded with the intensity and color range of light-marbled flesh of tubers of each variety.
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