This work analyzes the influence of air-ions of different types and concentrations on people subjected to physical effort and at rest. The outcome of the conducted research indicates that air-ions at a concentration level of 7.5 million ions/cm³ decrease the consumption of O₂ by around 20%, and release CO₂. Furthermore, the positive air-ions shorten the period necessary to achieve the anaerobic change threshold by almost 70%, at a high significance ratio of 0.001. A secondary research outcome also shows that the change of these physiological indicators probably results from the permeation of ionized molecules to the lower parts of human lungs.
This work discusses the influence of the human being on concebtrations and mobility of aeroions in the atmosphere. The performed investigations show that the concentration of anions decreases, in the vicinity of the human, on about 26 - 44%. This is the result of their recombination with charges existing in the human body. In the process of breathing there are no crucial changes to the concentration of ions of both polarisation, while there is a conciderable increase, by several hundred percent, in the number of large ions.
Men and women of different ages were submitted to the activity of negative or positive air-ions several hours a day for from several to more than a dozen days. Shifts in their systolic/diastolic pressures and pulse were determined in the course of these experiments. The tests have shown a statistically significant influence of the ionized particles, above all on blood pressure. Exposing humans with proper circulatory indicators six hours a day for more than a dozen days to negative air-ions in concentrations of 10,000 ions/cm³ results in a 5% drop in systolic pressure and around 2% drop in diastolic pressure, but has no influence on the pulse. This effect works until both pressures reach a stable level, which probably can be considered optimal for a given person. However, exposing people to positive air-ions in concentrations of 25,000 ions/cm³ results in destabilization of the circulatory indicators.
Simultaneous measurements of bubble density in the sea subsurface and positive ions in the lower atmosphere were performed in the Baltic Sea in the summer of 1999. Bubbles in two size ranges, around 27 and 100 μm, were measured acoustically. Airborne positive charge was measured with a Gerdien instrument. Observed concentrations of air ions varied from 60 cm−3 up to 600 cm−3. The relative role of bubbles and wind speed on the positive air ion concentrations over the brackish water of the Baltic Sea is discussed. The parameters of a model of a log-log dependence between charge concentration and bubble density are calculated. The correlation functions between time series of concentrations of positive charges over the sea and gas bubbles averaged over a depth range from 0.4 to 4 m and wind speed are presented. There was zero lag between the cross-correlation maxima of charge and bubbles, but there was a phase lag of one and a half hours between charge and wind speed.
W artykule przeanalizowano opłacalność biogazowni rolniczych, które mogą być uruchamiane w polskich gospodarstwach prowadzących produkcję zwierzęcą. Ze względu na wysokie nakłady inwestycyjne, kluczową – z perspektywy rolników – jest kwestia mechanizmu wsparcia finansowego. Analizę efektywności inwestycji przeprowadzono przy założeniu trzech wariantów mocy jednostki kogeneracyjnej zainstalowanej w biogazowni. Dodatkowo rozpatrzono dwa scenariusze wsparcia finansowego odnoszące się do starego „systemu zielonych certyfikatów” oraz nowego mechanizmu wynikającego z „Ustawy o odnawialnych źródłach energii”. Nowy mechanizm, który powinien obowiązywać od 2016 r., zakłada wsparcie odnawialnych źródeł energii poprzez ceny gwarantowane (najmniejsze instalacje) oraz system akcji i gwarancje odkupu energii (większe instalacje).
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