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The observation was carried out in a group of 70 female cattle in the course of two years. The animals were kept in suckler herds. They were provided with pasture grass and maize silage indoors during the grazing season and with forage ration (silage and hay) in winter. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of year (2001 and 2002), season (spring and autumn), breed (Aberdeen Angus AA, Beef Simmental BS, Blonde d'Aquitaine BA, Charolais CH, Hereford HE and Limousin LI) and reproduction cycle (pregnant heifers PH, non-pregnant heifers NPH, pregnant cows PC, non-pregnant cows NC and lactating cows with calves LCC) on some blood plasma parameters. Mean values of these parameters were following: Total protein 72.37 gl⁻¹ , glucose (Glu) 3.23 mmol∙l⁻¹, urea (Urea) 4.39 mmol∙l⁻¹, bilirubin (Bilir) 4.63 mmol∙l⁻¹, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 1.02 µkat∙l⁻¹, asparate aminotransferase (AST) 1.29 µkat∙l⁻¹, gamma glutamyltransferase (GMT) 0.30 µkat∙l⁻¹, sodium (Na) 114.33 mmol∙l⁻¹, calcium (Ca) 2.30 mmol∙l⁻¹ and phosphorus (P) 1.99 mmolT1. Year affected TP, Glu, Bilir, ALP, AST (all p<0.01) and urea (p<0.05). Season affected TP, Glu, urea, Bilir, Ca, P (all p<0.01) . There were significant differences in urea, GMT, Ca and P between breeds. Reproduction cycle affected TP and Glu (p<0.05). It can be concluded that year and season affected the observed blood plasma parameters considerably more than breed or reproduction cycle.
Based on geographical and ecological analysis of the present moss flora occurring in two contiguous glacial cirques Śnieżne Kotły (Western Karkonosze Mts.), the occurrence of 20 species representing arctic-alpine and subarctic-subalpine elements is discussed. The majority of (sub)arctic- (sub)alpine elements (70%) occurred sporadically or very rarely (no more than 5 records), which indicates their general threat. Nine historically recorded species of these geographic elements could not be retrieved during the recent survey, however four of the recently found species have not been found during the systematic survey of historical sites on the Czech, southern, side of Karkonosze Mts. This proves that the northern localization of Śnieżne Kotły cirques favours the survival of relict species. The question of relictness with respect to the Düll's phytogeographical characterization is discussed; only in ten of the (sub)arctic- (sub)alpine species the relict character could be considered as granted due to their present distribution range. The full list of the Śnieżne Kotły present moss flora with the brief characteristics of their ecological distribution has been included, first such attempt since 1930.
Research on the influence of land use changes and erosion and flood control measures on a reduction of harmful effects of extreme rainfall-runoff events has occourred at the experimental Němčický stream basin since 2005. It has been documented by obtained results of rainfall and discharge gauging and by water sample analyses that sediment transport significantly corresponds with the cover efficiency of agricultural crops. Based on the analysis of particular comparable rainfall-runoff episodes, it can be stated that the protection (e.g. grassing, growing of narrow-row crops) of slopes adjacent to watercourses has a crucial influence on the reduction in surface water pollution with insoluble substances. In such cases the efficiency of grass cover is 90-99% compared to bare soil, while the efficiency of narrow-row crops is 50-80% in comparison with bare soil. The efficiency of narrow-row crops at the time of maximum vegetation stand is close to that of permanent grasslands.
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