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This paper seeks to use state-of-the-art knowledge to depict the foundations and prospects for agroforestry systems in Poland to develop, in line with political, legal, historical and environmental conditions pertaining in the country. The main legal provisions concerning the presence of trees in agriculture are presented prior to a first-ever defining of key traditional agroforestry systems in Poland.
The aim of the work described here has been to point to the relationships between the field-forest boundary and crop productivity as regards the present agrarian land-use structure in Poland, and to provide new opportunities for arranging the agrarian process and the spatial planning of the rural landscape in the context of the sustainable shaping of the field-forest boundary. Impacts of forests and woodlands on crop productivity have been assessed using available data from relevant Polish literature. An assessment of the plot-distribution pattern characterising farms in Poland was made on the basis of reference data from the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernisation of Agriculture. Finally, the possibility of afforestation of agricultural land has been evaluated within the existing legal framework, and on the basis of available data, with attention paid to the need to include organization of the field-forest boundary within the comprehensive management and planning of rural areas, and to preserve woody elements in patchy landscapes. This all creates an opportunity to test innovative approaches to integrated land use which combines the creation of public goods and local products based on participatory learning processes that bring in local stakeholders and decision-makers.
Greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) were simulated from commonly used crop rotations in eastern Poland for conventional and conservation tillage systems. We used denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model baseline climate conditions and two future climate scenarios (2030 and 2050). Analyzed cropping systems included corn, rapeseed, and spring and winter wheat. It has been shown that an increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation can reduce net global warming potential (GWP) by 2% in the 2030 climate scenario and by 5% in the 2050 scenario in conventional tillage with reference to the baseline scenario. In the case of conservation tillage, a reduction of GWP by 5% and by 10% was estimated. The use of conservation tillage results decrease the GWP by 17-19% in the baseline scenario, in the 2030 scenario by 16-18%, and in the 2050 scenario by 15-17%. It also has been shown that change in climate conditions has declined biomass production of winter wheat and corn, which may suggest that a larger area would be needed for these crops to maintain production at the same level.
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