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The studies have a long character. During the period from July 1, 1957 to April 1, 1958 the author examined a total number of 896 small mammals classified to Rodentia, Insectivora and Carnivora. The animals were caught in the Tomaszów district, in localities characterized by the great intensity of Swamp fever (Niemirówek, Rachanie and Machnów). During the examinations were classified and eiaborated all of the then collected fleas (1578 specimens), lice (1179 specimens) and ticks (466 specimens). The fleas belong to 14 species of which most numerous were: Ctenopsyllus segnis, Archaeopsylla erinacei, Ctenophthaimus assimilis and Megabothris walkeri. The rarer in Poland species were Ctenophthalmus wagneri?, Doratopsylla cuspis and Ctenopsyllus bidentatus. The lice were represented by 4 species: Hoplopleura acanthopus (mainly on Microtus arvalis and Microtus ratticeps), Hoplopleura longula (mainly on Mus musculus), Polyplax spinulosa (exclusively on Rattus norvegicus) and Polyplax serrata (on Apodemus silvaticus and Apodemus agrarius). Out of the 4 species of the ticks the most common was Ixodes ricinus, the 3 remaining forms were hitherto not recordet in Poland. They were: Ixodes hexagonus (on a hedge-hog, polecat and mouse), Ixodes ex gr. autmnnalis (on a hedge-hog) and Ixodes apronophorus (on Microtus ratticeps).
The experiments I and II were conducted on 2 white mice, 5 Microtus arvalis, 2 Gamasides, 91 Hoplopleura acanthopus and 200 Polyplax spinulosa. For the experiments the influenza virus PR8 was used) As regards Microtus arvalis it was proved, that it is susceptible to the virus of influenza PR8. The susceptibility of Microtus arvalis proved to be not lower than that of white mice. The virus of influenza PR8 was isolated from the lungs of all the examined white mice and Microtus arvalis. In not a single case, however, the virus could be isolated from the Gamasides, neither from the Hoplopleura acanthopus nor from the Polyplax spinulosa in spite of the fact that undoubtedly in all the exarnined mice the virusal infection run in the from of virusemia. This is an indication that the Gamasides, Hoplopleura acanthopus and Polyplax spinulosa could not be infected with the virus of influenza PR8 (or that the virus was destroyed after the penetration to the organism of the Arthropoda with the blood of the host). The experiments should be repeated on a larger materiał and the virusemia of mice should be submitted to control. It appears that Microtus arvalis is a suitable animal for experimental infection with the virus of influenza.
There was noted a high grade of sensibility of the louse Polyplax spinulosa Burm on the infoction with the virulent bacilli Brucella brucei. There was also proved a great sensibility of the louse Hoplopieura acanthopus on the infection with Brucella, this time with non-virulent strain S₁₉. We failed to infect experimentally the mite Gamasides with the bacilli Brucella which confirmed the results of our former experiments. In the investigations of the structure of colony, the activity of enzymes, the production of H₂S and the sensibility on thionine and fuchsine, the strains isolated from the louse Polyplax spinulosa Burm. were not different from the same strains before their entrance into the organism of the louse. Hamsters Mesocricetus auratus proved very little sensible on the infection with the virulent bacilli Brucella brucei. The results of the quoted experiments indicate the role of the louse in the circulation of bacilli Brucella among animals.
1. The map presented shows complex field investigations undertaken by various institutes and aiming at research on diseases with natural foci. In 1953 and further, in the years 1955-1959 systematical zoological-ecological investigations were carried out in the foci of Szczecin and Lublin areas, the results of which are shown in table I. In the region of the Szczecin province 3 358 mammals were examined, and in the Lublin area 4 501 small mammals (partially other animals, too). 2. Ectoparasites were recovered from 2 200 mammals caught in the Lublin district. In the material collected in the period from 1.7.1957. to 1.7.1959. were found: 4 052 lice, 1946 fleas, 507 ticks of the Ixodidae family and some thousands of small Parasitoformes (tables II, III, IV). 3. From Microtus arvalis caught in natural foci of leptospirosis the following ectoparasites were examined on Brucella and Leptospira: Laelaptidae - 677 individuals, Hoplopleura acanthopus - 299, fleas - 9. The results of microbiological investigations were negative. 4. A negative result was also obtained with larvae and nymphs of Ixodes ricinus fed on 4 guinea pigs, 8 white mice and 4 Microtus arvalis, infected with a Leptospira grippotyphosa strain. 5. 278 lice Hoplopleura acanthopus were fed on Microtus arvalis infected with a virulent Brucella brucei strain, and a pure culture of this microorganism was isolated from them. This may evidence of a possible role of lice in the epizootiology of brucellosis in natural foci.
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