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This review article describes mechanisms and consequences of fatty liver for the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis and fertility in cows. Massive lipolysis in dairy cattle which occurs post partum as a result of an inappropriate feeding strategy ante partum is connected with the progressive deprivation of lipid metabolism, increasing plasma level of non-esterified fatty acid, negative energy balance, a decreasing body condition score followed by fatty liver development. All these changes trigger hormonal and metabolic status mediator imbalance that affects reproduction. Low glucose, insulin, leptin, and Insulin-like Growth Factor - I post partum have an influence on pulsatile secretion of GnRH/LH, influence ovarian responsiveness to FSH and LH, and impair steroidogenesis. Metabolic status mediators not only influence the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis, but also each other. Consequently, delayed first ovulation, a prolonged calving to conception period, and an increased insemination rate are noticed.
The aim of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of oestrus induction in bitches using cabergoline as well as equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The study was performed on a total number of 59 mixed bitches. The 53 canines were randomly divided into two groups. Bitches from group I (n = 28) were administered cabergoline for 21 days. In group II (n = 25) eCG was administered for 10 consecutive days in a dose of 20 I.U. per kg. b.w. Additionally, on the 10th day of induction each bitch received 500 I.U. of hCG. Effectiveness of estrus induction in group I was 52%, while in group II 64%. In bitches treated with cabergoline, clinical signs of estrus were similar to signs which were observed in bitches with spontaneous heat. In bitches of group II, edema of the vulva, vulvar discharge and standing behavior were not as visible nor as sharp as estrus signs in bitches from the control group. Percentage of bitches with ovulation was in group I 76.9% and in group II 83.3%.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of aglepristone - a progesterone receptor blocker - in the treatment of endometritis-pyometra complex (EPC) in bitches. 12 bitches of pure and mixed breeds between 2 and 13 years of age with EPC were examined. All animals were treated according to the same pattern: aglepristone (Alizine, Virbac®) was administered at the dose of 0.33 ml/kg, s.c. on days 1, 2, 7, and 14. Additionally, the antibiotic amoxycyline (Clamoxyl, Pfizer®) was administered at the dose of 1 ml/10 kg, s.c. every 48 hours for 10 days. A complete puss mass elimination, uterus involution and improvement of clinical state were observed after 3 weeks of treatment. Progesterone concentration, that was highly increased at the beginning of treatment, decreased to low levels during its first week. The leukocyte count (WBC), alkaline phosphatase (AP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) exceeded normal values before and in the first days of treatment. These parameters improved to normal values after the first week of treatment. The recurrence of EPC was not observed in any bitch during the next 2 years. Three bitches were mated in next heats but did not get pregnant. In the present study the antigestagens therapy proved highly effective: clinical recovery and the recurrence of normal haematological and biochemical counts were observed.
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