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Jedna z wypluwek kopciuszka znalezionych w dn. 19 VII 2015 w Brzozówce w Kampinoskim Parku Narodowym zawierała pokrywy skrzydłowe i inne chitynowe fragmenty biedronki azjatyckiej Harmonia axyridis forma succinea. Obserwacja jest warta odnotowania gdyż biedronki bardzo rzadko łowione są przez drapieżniki z uwagi na gorzki smak i zawartość toksycznych związków w ich ciele. Rozpoznanie naturalnych wrogów biedronki azjatyckiej jest dodatkowo ważne z uwagi na potencjalny negatywny wpływ tego inwazyjnego gatunku na ojczystą faunę.
Ladybird beetles were surveyed in 2014-2016 in Wigry National Park (NE Poland). Thirty three species were recorded. The most abundant were Subcoccinella vigintiquatuorpunctata (20% of all ladybird individuals) and Coccinella quinquepunctata (17% of all individuals). Contribution of the invasive harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis) was low (1% of all individuals). Seven species registered in this study (Coccidula rufa, Scymnus suturalis, S. nigrinus, Stethorus pusillus, Vibidia duodecimguttata, Anatis ocellata and Coccinella magnifica) have not previously been reported from the area of Wigry National Park. At present, 45 species of ladybird beetles are known to occur in Wigry National Park.
The species richness and densities of overwintering ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were studied in the municipality of Łomianki in the suburban zone of Warsaw (Central Poland). In total, 274 specimens of 25 species were found, of which the most common was Psyllobora vigintiduopunctata (41.9% of all specimens). Other frequently recorded ladybirds were Exochomus quadripustulatus, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata and Vibidia duodecimguttata. Several of the species registered in this study (Rhyzobius litura, Hyperaspis concolor, Scymnus femoralis, Scymnus interruptus, Adalia conglomerata) have rarely been reported in Poland.
The species richness and relative abundances of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were surveyed in 2014-2015 in Cedynia Landscape Park (NW Poland). In total, 50 species were found, of which the most common was the invasive Harmonia axyridis (PALLAS, 1773). Some of the species recorded in this study, such as Hyperaspis concolor (SUFFRIAN, 1843), Clitostethus arcuatus (ROSSI, 1794), Nephus bipunctatus (KUGELANN, 1794), N. quadrimaculatus (HERBST, 1783), Scymnus ater KUGELANN, 1794, S. limbatus STEPHENS, 1832, Novius cruentatus (MULSANT, 1846) and Cynegetis impunctata (LINNAEUS, 1767), have very rarely been reported in Poland.
Two empty shells of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea were recorded on left bank of Vistula river in Warsaw (52°17’07”N, 20°59’42”E) on 29 June, 2016 (photo 4). Altogether, 19 paired and 76 single empty valves were collected during following surveys of left and right banks of the river and two oxbows within city limits in July and August 2016. A total of 8 live bivalves were collected from the river bed and the oxbow at the depth of about 40 cm. The largest empty shell was 31.6 mm wide and 29.1 mm long. The live specimens measured 9.4-22.5 mm in width and 8.3-25.2 mm in length. The records of the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea in Warsaw document spreading of this invasive species down the Vistula River from the upper part of the river.
The species richness and relative abundances of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were surveyed in 2016–2017 in the Warsaw Zoological Garden (Central Poland). In total, 29 species were found, of which the most common was the invasive Harmonia axyridis (PALLAS, 1773). Some of the species recorded in this study, such as Clitostethus arcuatus (ROSSI, 1794), Scymnus abietis (PAYKULL, 1798), Scymnus rubromaculatus (GOEZE, 1777), Platynaspis luteorubra (GOEZE, 1777), and Adalia conglomerata (LINNAEUS, 1758) have rarely been reported from Central Poland.
The two-spot ladybird Adalia bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is a widely distributed generalist, feeding preferably on aphids. The species inhabits various environments, including anthropogenic landscape, where pollution and microclimate enables to attain very high numbers of favorite prey. Recently, the abundance of the two-spot ladybird has declined, mainly as an after-effect of invasion of the competing species — the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773). High phenotypic polymorphisms made the two-spot ladybird classic model for population genetic studies of Coccinellidea. However, studies investigating diversity of the species at DNA level have Coccinellidae been scarce. In our investigation we used microsatellite markers to characterize genetic diversity in the two-spot ladybird populations from different environments. We made an attempt to amplify 13 loci, identified previously in the genome of the species, however due to lack of amplification, monomorphisms and presence of the null alleles, the final set of six markers useful for analysis on a population level was obtained. Analyzing genotypes of 124 individuals, we confirmed high genetic diversity of the species, suggested previously by studies, applying allozymes and mitochondrial DNA. Also, microsatellites revealed weakly pronounced genetic structure in a large scale (localities separated by a distance of 500 kilometers). However, we found some indications (signs of the Wahlund effect) that gene flow could be disturbed among sites in diverse environments (rural, suburban and urban). Our data suggested that invasion of the harlequin ladybird has not yet affected populations of the two-spot in such extent to alter genetic diversity or genetic structure.
Urbanised areas are capable of exerting a strong impact on the distribution of genetic diversity within populations of animals. Urban invertebrate species are currently either relicts from pre-urban ecosystems, or have immigrated during or following urbanisation. We analysed 10 microsatellite loci in 196 specimens of the harlequin ladybird (Harmonia axyridis), an invasive species in Poland sampled in three of the country’s cities. Of Asiatic origin, this ladybird has been spreading through other continents, including Europe. Results showed that the Polish cities are being invaded by harlequin ladybirds that are uniform in terms of their genetic pool, with no significant genetic differentiation present between the urban populations investigated. Rapid spread and what are probably the large numbers of individuals colonising new areas allow this species to maintain high genetic diversity and avoid bottleneck effects. However, we suggest that urban populations differ in terms of genetic diversity. The highest genetic diversity characterises the most recently invaded area of Olsztyn in the north of Poland. Genetic data further suggest that this population could be still in an expansion phase. The earliest colonising population in Wrocław exhibits signs of a Wahlund effect, suggesting that gene flow among local groups within this urban area could be disturbed or impaired. We conclude that, in the case of an urban population of the harlequin ladybird, successful colonisation is followed by the onset of a decline in genetic diversity, with isolation between local sampling sites appearing. Further studies are required, however, if this process is to be elucidated.
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