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It is generally accepted that classical opioids exert their antinociceptive effect mainly when binding to opioid receptors located in the central nervous system. However, a growing body of evidence points to the relevance of peripheral opioid receptors in periphery pathology, including cancer. A cancer is very often the cause of pain resulting from peripheral metastasis. The peripheral component of antinociception induced by a dimeric enkephalin analog – biphalin showing limited blood-brainbarrier permeability may prove important in cancer pain therapy. An additional advantage of biphalin is a possibility to treat pain symptoms with reduction of side-effects – a result of the central action of some other opioid analgesics, e.g. morphine. We examined the peripheral and central analgesic effect of biphalin in a murine skin cancer pain model developed by an intraplantar inoculation of B16T0 melanoma cells. Animals developed robust thermal hypersensitivity in the tumor-bearing paw compared to PBS-injected individuals. Biphalin produced stronger analgesia in the tumor-bearing paw than morphine upon a comparable central effect. Our results suggest that biphalin analgesia manifested in the periphery is linked to a less effective transport through the bloodbrain barrier. We speculate that the centrally effective dose of biphalin equipotent to morphine simultaneously produces analgesia via peripheral opioid receptors. Thus, biphalin may become useful in cancer pain treatment as an alternative drug executing a local as well as a central analgesic response with limited undesirable side-effects.
The aim of the study was a search for genetic markers associated with laying production in African Black ostriches (Struthio camelus) based on DNA fingerprinting (DFPs) method. Although analysis of the DFPs failed to distinguish bands specific for the highest or lowest parameters of laying performance, the present results did not allow for deduction about the potential lack of linkage between minisatellite DNA markers and QTLs of laying. A need for further research in this field is concluded.
Decades of studies on alcohol dependence showed that it is a very complex and multifactorial disorder. Several receptor systems are involved in development and susceptibility to alcohol abuse; however, there are some which play a crucial role in its pathogenesis, e.g. dopaminergic or opioid system. In this paper, an effort is made to explain the role of endogenous opioid system activity in alcohol dependence. To achieve the goal, we use a unique model is used which shows mice lines that are divergently selected for high (HA) and low (LA) stress-induced analgesia. This process allowed for selecting individuals characterised by hyperactive (HA) or hypoactive (LA) opioid system. Basing on the performed experiments, we proved that delta opioid receptors play a critical role in the development of addiction. The most notable achievement is an unspecific reaction of mice with the hyperactive opioid system to naloxone – an unspecific opioid system antagonist, which is currently approved in the pharmacotherapy of dependent patients.
Genetic analysis was conducted in chicken belonging to lines divergently selected for high or low frequency of skeletal defects (line H and L, respectively). The analysis was based on the DNA fingerprinting technique, using enzyme HinfI and Jeffrey’s 33.6 probe. Principal aims were: 1) to determine the effects of selection on the genetic variation within and between lines, and 2) to search for the presence of line-specific minisatellite alleles (as bands in the DNA fingerprinting pattern) which could be used as markers for the predisposition to skeletal defects. DNA fingerprinting pattern (DFP) displayed differences in position of bands, some of them appearing characteristic only for one out of two chicken lines studied.
In 1983 prof. Boguslaw Sadowski from Institute of Genetic and Animal Breeding in Jastrzebiec developed genetic mouse lines selectively bred for high (HA) and low (LA) swim-stress induced analgesia. Selected animals differ in sensitivity to both, pain or stress responses. Many experiments were conducted but the mechanism which is responsible for different sensitivity to both, pain and stress in these animals has been unknown till today. We hypothesized that difference in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability is the reason of different response of HA and LA mice. According to our hypothesis the β-endorphins which are released on the periphery after stressful stimuli, can cross the BBB and reach the brain, and analgesia is observed. The aim of the studies is to present the analgesic activity of opioid compounds in selected mice to examine their BBB permeability. This communication will also present infl uence of stress on analgesic activity of the given compounds. Different analgesic potency of alkaloid and opioid peptide in selected mice was a premise to conduct an ultramicroscopic studies which displayed pathological changes in morphology of BBB in HA and LA mice. These fi ndings may explain different analgesic potency of the given compounds. These animals may well simulate human high and low sensitivity to both, pain or stress response. Presented studies have been supported with EU grant Normolife (LSHC-CT-2006-037733)
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