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Wartosc nawozowa kompostu z osadu sciekowego

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The fertilization value of composted sewage sludge was estimated on the basis of pot experiments during three following vegetation periods with buckwheat sown twice (1998), oat and maize (1999) and oat again (2000). The availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium and zinc for tested plants was determined. Tested manure was obtained after 8 months of composting of the mixture of sewage sludge with 20% of sawdust and 3% of CaO. The compost moisture was 69%. The following contents of nutrients was found (g·kg⁻¹): N - 21.0, P - 5.47, K - 1.11, Mg - 3.22 and Zn - 1 204 mg·kg⁻¹. The C : N ratio was 17.4. Compost was applied in the first year of experiment in two doses 150 or 300 g per 6 kg of poor sandy loam acid soil. The application of compost to the soil resulted with a noticeable increase of the yield of dry matter of tested plants due to the privation of nutrients under the tested conditions. The uptake of nutrients noticeably increased, predominantly of phosphorus and magnesium. Total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium was at the level of 16.4%, 32.5% and 45% respectively, during 3 years of experiment with the incorporated lower dose of compost. The incorporation of a high dose of zinc with compost at both doses did not result with a significant increase of its uptake by plants due to the decrease of acidity. Fertilization of the tested soil with composted sewage sludge positively affects the physico-chemical properties of soil. The cation exchange capacity and the amount of available phosphorus and zinc were found to be improved and as the soil acidity was noticeable lower.
Endophytic bacteria (EnB) play a crucial role in plant development. This study was an attempt to isolate and identify dominant cultivable EnB inhabiting young seedlings germinated in vitro and leaves of six maize cultivars grown under field conditions at temperate climate zone with culture-dependent approach. We isolated bacteria from field cropped maize only. Strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In particular, members of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and α- and γ-Proteobacteria were found. Species of two genus Pseudomonas and Bacillus were dominant among them. Higher diversity of EnB was found in plants collected from Kobierzyce, where we identified 35 species from 16 genera with 22 species uniquely found at this field. On the contrary, from maize leaves collected at Smolice we identified 24 species representing 10 genera with 10 species uniquely isolated from this field. However, none of species was common for all cultivars at both locations. Among isolated EnB six species only, Pseudomonas clemancea, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus simplex, Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus, were found in aboveground parts of the same cultivar grown on both tested fields. The fact that the same cultivars, sown from the same lots of seeds, under field conditions on two different locations were colonized with noticeably different associations of cultivable EnB suggest that cultivar genotype is an important factor selecting endophytic bacteria from local agro-environment. To our knowledge this is first report about the significant variation of diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria inhabiting aboveground parts of the same maize cultivars grown at different locations.
Few publications report the occurrence of bacteria associated with fungal cells. The presence of bacteria associated with one strain of Pleuro-tus ostreatus (Fr.) P. Kumm. was described in the literature. We describe the biodiversity of bacteria associated with eight oyster mushroom strains from Japan, Poland, and the USA. The presence of microorganisms associated with all tested P.ostreatus strains was confirmed using fluorescent microscopy. Among 307 sequences, 233 of clones representing 34 genera and 74 sequences were identified as Bacteria. Most of the bacteria associated with the strain PUSAS were related to E.coli and two clones were related to Cupriavidus genus. The biodiversity of clones isolated from fungal strains originating from Japan and Poland ranged from 15 to 32 different bacterial clones. The most often the bacteria related to genus Curvibacter, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Cupriavidus, Pelomonas,and Propionibacterium were associated with the strains of fungi mentioned above. Laccase-like (LMCO) genes were identified in whole bacterial DNA isolated from the associated bacteria but β-glucosidase and β-xylanase genes were not detected.
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