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Background: Psychological old age is considered a developmental process in which there is a juxtaposition of profit and loss. Developmental changes are multi-faceted and include biological, psychological and social spheres. The quality of human life diminishes as mobility lessens, and this compromises self-perception. The biological changes of old age are retroactive. Poor nutritional status and other negative behaviors like addictions contribute to the physiological regression of aging. Interest in nutrition amongst the elderly is heightened because of the aging population in Poland and internationally. There is also interest in the application of proper nutrition to prevent diseases in this age group. Proper nutrition is one of the main factors determining ideal human function and positively affects the natural processes within it. Analysis of food composition gives the opportunity to eliminate nutritional errors, which in turn contributes to improving the quality of life and delaying the aging process in the examined age group. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of selected vitamins in 10 seasonal menus applied at a Social Welfare Home. Material and methods: This study included 40 decade menus, prepared over four seasons of a year for the residents of a Social Welfare Home. The vitamin content of the meals was assessed quantitatively using the computer program, Diet 5. The selected vitamins were those considered most essential to the elderly diet because of the common appearance of their deficiencies. Taking into consideration physical activity of the elderly (1,4 physical activity level ) and utilizing the norms developed by the Food and Nutrition Institute, the average norms of the analyzed nutrients were calculated for people over 60 years of age. For this purpose the formula (K+M)/2 was used, where K is the norm for women and M is the norm for men. The results obtained were compared with the calculated mean values of the norm for elderly at the level of the estimated average requirements (EAR). The results were analyzed statistically giving the mean value (X) and the median. The calculations were performed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Deficiencies in vitamin D were found. The menu content of vitamins E and C was correct in all seasons. The amount of vitamins A, B₂, B₁₂ and PP was excessive in all the seasons. Conclusions: The evaluated menus showed errors in the supply of the assessed vitamins.
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Background: The aging of the population in Poland and globally has increased interest in nutrition for the elderly. Their diets are inappropriate, but modifications should be introduced gradually. This is important in hospital settings, sanatoriums or social care homes, where patients have few choices. Aim of the study: The study aimed to assess the content of the selected mineral salts in ten day menus offered by the Social Welfare Home based on season of the year. Material and methods: The study included 40 menus offered in four seasons of the year for the residents of the Social Welfare Home in Lower Silesia. The mineral content of the foods on the menus were assessed. We considered the physical activity of the elderly (1.4—Physical Activity Level) using norms developed by the Food and Nutrition Institute, and calculated the average norms of the analysed nutrients for people over 60 years of age. Results: The diets were low in minerals such as calcium and potassium, and contained an excessive amount of phosphorus, sodium, iron and zinc in all seasons. Although magnesium levels in the spring and summer were appropriate, deficits appeared in autumn and winter diets. Conclusions: The evaluated menus showed inadequate supplies of the assessed mineral salts. More analysis and adjustments to planned meals is recommended.
Background. Overweight and obesity are metabolic disorders affecting both adults and children. Effective treatment of these conditions is focused on decreasing the body mass, through individually tailored and well balanced diets, along with increasing physical activity. Obese persons often, however, choose high protein diets for losing weight. Recently in Poland, the high-protein Dukan-diet has become very popular. Objectives. To assess dietary consumption in women adopting the Dukan-diet, including intakes of protein, fat, carbohydrate as well as vitamins and minerals. Materials and Methods. Subjects were 51 women aged 19-64 years on the Dukan-diet, who were surveyed by individually conducted interview. Women were asked to provide typical menus from each phase of their diets. Quantitative dietary intake assessment was achieved by an officially used ‘Photograph album of foodstuffs and dishes’ as custom-designed by the National Food and Nutrition Institute (IZZ) in Warsaw. Results. Protein intakes in all subjects were excessive, especially those of animal origin when compared to recommended nutritional standards. In contrast, dietary carbohydrate intakes were low due to poor consumption of fruit and vegetables. Mineral and vitamin intakes revealed high potassium, iron and vitamins A, D and B2, but low vitamin C and folates. Women’s average weight reduction after 8-10 weeks of dieting was approximately 15 kilograms. Conclusions. Many nutritional abnormalities were found in women on the high protein Dukan-diet. Adopting this diet in the long-term may pose health threats through acquiring kidney and liver disease, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
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