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Implant treatment is a proven method in dentistry for partial and complete missing teeth reconstruction. In some clinical situations it is advisable to limit the number of implants, which can be obtained by making a bridge connecting the patient’s own tooth with the implant. So far, the possibility of using safe and permanent connections of natural teeth with implants has been examined to a small extent due to the dangers resulting from the different mobility of dental implants and teeth. An attempt was made to use vibro-acoustic techniques to evaluate various combinations of teeth and implants. Pilot studies were carried out on cadavers-pig mandibles with implants. There were recorded sounds in the immediate vicinity of the mandible formed in response to impulse excitations carried out with a point hit against a tooth or implant before and after their joining with a bridge. The comparison of spectra allows to see features indicating a high probability of being able to distinguish between the examined configurations. The results of the research should contribute to a better understanding of the mutual relations between the dental implant and the tooth, which are included in bridge. In the perspective, it will enable to assess the level of safety and to identify clinical situations that allow to obtain dental bridges based on teeth and implants
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The effects of prenatal exposure to methylxanthines

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This review discusses epidemiology and laboratory studies on the effects of prenatal methylxanthine administration on some systems developing organisms. They are mainly absorbed from coffee, tea and cocoa products such as cola beverages and chocolate bars. Prenatal methylxanthine exposure can induce several unfavourables changes in the developing organism, which are persistent even in later phases of life. Based on results obtained from animal studies, the effect on embryogenesis is not only poorly understood but also controversial. It is therefore important to study interspecies differences as results may differ depending on animals used and administration methods.
PADMA 28, a natural herbal multi-compound remedy originates from traditional Tibetan medicine and possesses a variety of beneficial effects on experimental and clinical models of inflammation and atherosclerosis, as well as angioprotecive, antioxidative and wound – healing properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vivo influence of this remedy on the in vitro mitogen-induced proliferation of murine splenic lymphocytes and their chemokinetic activity in cell culture.The study was performed on 6-8 weeks old inbred Balb/c mice. PADMA28 was administered to mice per os in daily doses 5.8 mg (calculated from the highest dose recommended for human) or 0.085 mg (dose from the range of active doses of other herbal extracts containing polyphenolic substances used previously by us in experiments with mice), for 7 days. Control groups received water. Results: No substantial differences were observed between groups of mice fed with low and high PADMA doses. In both of them, response of splenic lymphocztes to mitogen PHA (p < 0.001) and their in vitro chemokinetic activity (p < 0.001 for low dose and p < 0.01 for high dose) were highly significantly increased as compared to the controls. Conclusion: The results of our investigations suggest that PADMA 28 can stimulate cell-mediated immunity in mice and might be used for this purpose in the wide spectrum of doses.
It is very difficult to cure pregnant females suffering from infections, because of the risk which might occur during treatment by several, even herbal, medications. Many of these substances, among them extracts from plants, have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory properties owing to their polyphenols content, but also may reveal unwanted effects on the fetal development because of their anti-angiogenic properties. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether daily feeding pregnant and nursing mice 0.2 mg/kg epigallocatechin (EGC), previously recognized as angiogenesis inhibitor, may lead to abnormalities in morphology of spleen and in some parameters of immune function of their adult, 6-week old progeny. Morphometry of EGC offspring spleens revealed lower number of lymphatic nodules and their larger diameter than those found in the control offspring. Cellularity of spleens was lower in EGC offspring than in the controls. Cytometric analysis showed that this decline concerns lymphocytes with CD335 (p<0.001), CD19 (p<0.01) and CD4 (p<0.05) markers. No differences were observed in the humoral response to the immunization with SRBC, and in the proliferative response of splenocytes to mitogens PHA, ConA and LPS.
Lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis test (LIA) is a model of local graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, marker of the earliest events resulting from activation of donor lymphocytes after contact with host semi-allogeneic histocompatibility antigens. The effect of in vivo oral administration of Aloe vera gel for 21 days to maternal strain (Balb/c) donor mice on the ability of their splenic lymphocytes to induce cutaneous angiogenesis (LIA test) in F1 Balb/c x C3H recipients, was studied. Results: Neovascular reaction evaluated 72 hours after cells grafting was significantly lower in F1 mice grafted with lymphocytes collected from Aloe- fed donors, than in recipients of lymphocytes collected from respective controls. Conclusions: This observation opens the promise of safe and ethically acceptable possibility of use of Aloe vera gel in human donors in prevention of GVHD in recipients of bone marrow grafts.
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of adult vision loss and blindness. The most important contributors to the development of diabetic retinopathy are hyperglycemia and hypoxemia that lead to increased vasopermeability, endothelial cell proliferation, and pathological neovascularization. In our previous studies, close relationship between proangiogenic activity of sera from type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (DM2) with background retinopathy, assessed in the in vivo serum-induced mouse cutaneous test (SIA), and VEGF and IL-18 serum concentration were observed. Moreover, it was clearly shown that IGF-1 might play an important role in the negative regulation of neoangiogenesis induced by DM2 patients' sera by diminishing the VEGF stimulatory effect. To confirm the observed phenomenon we evaluated the effect of DM2 patients' sera on the in vitro proliferative activity of human endothelial cells, which is critical for the sprouting and generation of new blood capillaries. Endothelial proliferative activity was significantly higher in the presence of sera from DM2 patients than from healthy controls (P<0.001), as estimated by the MTT test. Moreover, the examined sera from DM2 patients were characterized by increased IL-18 (P<0.05), diminished IGF-1 (P<0.02), and unchanged VEGF levels compared with those in controls. In conclusion, the present study showed a strong stimulatory effect of DM2 patients' sera on the proliferation of endothelial cells, which, along with the findings of our previous studies, proves that the described phenomenon is universal and valid for both animal and human endothelium.
The genus Rhodiola (Crassulaceae) consists of many species, growing mainly in Asia and traditionally used as adaptogens and anti-inflammatory drugs. In order to elaborate herbal immunostimulator which could be safely given to pregnant women, we performed a study on immunotropic effects of feeding pregnant and lactating mice Rhodiola kirilowii extracts. This paper presents the results of the first part of our study – spleen content of selected polyphenols, spleen cellularity, splenocytes phenotype and their response to mitogens. Experiments were performed on adult inbred females of Balb/c strain, mated with adult males. Females, since copulatory plug was noted, up to the 28-th day after delivery were fed daily with 20 mg/kg b.m. water (RKW) or hydro- lcoholic (RKW-A) extracts of Rhodiola kirilowii. Results: 1. Significantly lower proportion of pregnant mice in experimental groups than in the control. 2. Cellularity of spleen and flavonol quercetin spleen concentration were significantly lower in experimental groups in comparison to the controls. 3. Flavanols ( (+)-catechin and epicatechin) levels were significantly higher in the spleens of experimental mice than in the controls. 4. Positive correlation between spleen cellularity and quercetin, and negative correlation between spleen cellularity and epicatechin content were observed. 5. Spleen mass and spleen lymphocytes phenotype and proliferation in RKW and RKW-A fed mice did not differ from the control. These results, together with suspicion of some embryo- oxicity, are worrying and eliminate the possibility of use Rhodiola kirilowii extracts for long-term treatment in pregnant females.
Cranberries and cranberry-derived diet supplements are often recommended for the treatment of urinary tract infections, also during pregnancy. These products contain strongly anti-angiogenic chemical compounds which could not be indifferent to the developing fetus. In the present work we evaluated the effect of feeding pregnant and lactating mice American cranberry extract (daily dose 0.88 mg) on the morphology and some parameters of spleen and kidney function of their adult progeny. Six weeks after delivery the morphometry of spleen and kidney, cytometric analysis of spleen lymphocytes, evaluation of humoral response to SRBC (Sheep Red Blood Cells), and examination of serum creatinine/urea concentration, were performed in the offspring. Spleens of progeny from experimental (E) group differed from the spleens of progeny of control mice in the lower number of lymphatic nodules and their larger diameter. Cytometry of spleen cells from progeny of E mothers revealed more CD19⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocytes than in the control group. No difference was seen in the response to immunization by red blood cells of sheep (SRBC) between control and E offspring. An increase in the diameter of glomeruli was observed in the kidneys of the experimental group in comparison with the control group. No abnormalities in creatinine and urea serum level were observed. A higher concentration of VEGF and bFGF in E offspring sera in comparison to the controls was seen. Conclusion: Although the observed differences between the control and experimental group were not large, caution is recommended in using cranberries and their extracts during pregnancy until more research will be done on this topic.
TPP enhanced the ability of nonactivated human mononuclear leucocytes (MNC) derived from the blood of young and aged donors, patients with coronary artery disease and patients with oral candidiasis, to induce neovascularization in the local graft versus host (GvH) reaction (H-LIA assay), diminished high activity of lymphocytes from rheumatoid artritic patients, but not influence the response of MNC of diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy. Various fractions of mononuclear leucocytes were grafted intradermally into immunosuppressed (with cyclophosphamide) Balb/c mice. Recipients were then treated with PTT or saline. After 3 days the local GvH reaction was evaluated as the mean number of newly formed blood vessels surrounding the cell graft sites. CD4+ and CD8+ theophylline sensitive Fcy+ lymphocytes and monocytes responded to PTT by significant enhancement of their angiogenic activity.
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