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TPSI1/Mt4 family genes are a class of genes induced dramatically by Pi starvation, and are involved in Pi allocation in plants. Its members have been isolated from many plant species, but none has been reported in Brassica napus. Here, we isolated two novel members of TPSI1/Mt4 family from B. napus, which were referred to as BnIPS1;1 and BnIPS1;2. The two genes are 592 and 557 bp long, respectively, and share 91 % sequence identity. They are all intronless, and contain numerous short open reading frames and a conserved 22-nucleotide sequence partially complementary to miR399. Expression analysis revealed that the two genes were induced strongly by Pi starvation and weakly by osmotic stress and salinity. The induction of the two genes is rapid and durative in the absence of Pi and is repressible upon Pi resupply. Furthermore, BnIPS1;1 promoter (-1,459/?42 relative to transcription start site) was isolated and fused to reporter gene GUS. The PBnIPS1;1:GUS construct was introduced into Arabidopsis, and intensive GUS staining was observed in Pi-starved plants. These results further our understanding of TPSI1/Mt4 family genes, and demonstrate that BnIPS1;1 and BnIPS1;2 can be used as tool for investigating Pi-starvation signaling in B. napus and BnIPS1; 1 promoter can be used as inducible promoter for cultivating P-efficient crops.
The path following control problem of the underactuated unmanned surface vessel (USV) is studied in this paper. An improved line-of-sight (LOS) guidance algorithm is proposed which can adjust adaptively based on the path following error. The global asymptotically stable path following controller is designed based on the nonlinear backstepping method and the Lyapunov stability theory. Firstly, the USV path following error model is established in the Serret-Frenet (SF) coordinate frame. The path following error in the inertial coordinate frame is transformed into the SF coordinate frame, which is used to define the path following control problem. Secondly, inspired by the traditional LOS guidance algorithm, the longitudinal path following error in the SF coordinate frame is introduced into the improved LOS guidance algorithm. This allows the algorithm to adjust adaptively to the desired path. Thirdly, in order to solve the underactuated problem of the USV path following control system, the tangential velocity of the desired path is designed as a virtual input. The underactuated problem is converted to a virtual fully actuated problem by designing the virtual control law for the tangential velocity. Finally, by combining backstepping design principles and the Lyapunov stability theory, the longitudinal thrust control law and the yaw torque control law are designed for the underactuated USV. Meanwhile, the global asymptotic stability of the path following error is proved. Simulation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the improved LOS guidance algorithm and the path following controller
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is rich in trans-polyisoprene rubber (Eu-Rubber), a high-molecular mass polymer of isoprene units with a trans-configuration. Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase (FPS) is a key enzyme, which involved in the production of important precursors of different terpenoids. In this study, we cloned and characterized five novel FPS genes from E. ulmoides. The full-length synthases were named EuFPS1-5 and their deduced amino acid sequences exhibited high homology to those from other plant isoforms. EuFPS1 and EuFPS4 were observed to be highly expressed in leaves, EuFPS2 and EuFPS3 were present at low levels in leaves and fruit throughout the plant development, and EuFPS5 was highly expressed exclusively in young fruit. Expression of EuFPS5 correlated with the accumulation rate of Eu-Rubber and might be responsible for it. This study is expected to enhance our understanding of the role of EuFPSs in biosynthesis and regulation of useful secondary metabolites in E. ulmoides.
In recent years have seen increasing evidence linking occupational and environmental exposure to toxic pollutants with human male reproductive disorders. The aim of this study was to collect epidemiological information on male reproductive health to explore the effects of electronic waste (e-waste) environmental pollution on male genital health in Wenling, one of the world’s biggest e-waste recycling centers. We collected clinic information from 2001 to 2012 in Wenling covering male reproductive diseases, including prostatitis, epididymitis, orchitis, urinary tract infections, cystospermitis, impotence, condyloma accuminatum, syphilis, gonorrhea, varicocele, genital herpes, prostatic carcinoma, etc. The morbidity of male reproductive diseases in Wenling was higher than in the control area – especially those diseases that could be influenced by environmental factors. Male reproductive health may be threatened by e-waste pollution in Wenling, and this could influence local population diathesis.
Length–weight relations were estimated for 14 endemic fish species of the upper Yangze River, namely Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis Fang, 1930; Jinshaia sinensis (Sauvage et Dabry de Thiersant, 1874); Megalobrama pellegrini (Tchang, 1930); Coreius guichenoti (Sauvage et Dabry de Thiersant, 1874); Rhinogobio cylindricus Günther, 1888; Rhinogobio ventralis (Sauvage et Dabry de Thiersant, 1874); Procypris rabaudi (Tchang, 1930); Ancherythroculter kurematsui (Kimura, 1934); Ancherythroculter nigrocauda Yih et Wu, 1964; Acrossocheilus monticola (Günther, 1888); Leptobotia elongata (Bleeker, 1870); Hemiculterella sauvagei Warpachowski, 1888; Hemiculter tchangi Fang, 1942; and Xenophysogobio boulengeri (Tchang, 1929). The a values obtained ranged from 0.006 to 0.023, and b values ranged from 2.955 to 3.377. The t-test results indicated the first seven species grew isometrically and the other 7 species grew allometrically.
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