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Both the assumptions and results of the work carried out within the framework of the research problem “Environmentally Friendly Polish Shipyard Industry” are presented in our work, which is a part of the project “Environmentally Friendly Ships for the Baltic Area” – BALTECOLOGIC ALSHI P. The aim of our research was to prepare selected companies belonging to the sector of productive, cooperative and supply shipbuilding industry (c.a. 50) to implement quality (if necessary) and environmental management systems. Swedish standards for implementation processes and experience were used. The direct results of one year work were that 13 companies finished reports on quality investigation and two companies were led to QMS certification, 26 companies finished reports on environmental investigation (environmental audit) and two companies were EMS certified. The project realization enabled indication of barriers to implementation of quality and environmental managemental systems, especially in small and medium sized enterprises.
Znajomość rodzaju substancji migrujących z opakowań do ich zawartości ma szczególne znaczenie w przypadku produktów spożywczych, leków i kosmetyków. W badaniach takiej migracji wykorzystuje się nowoczesne metody analityczne, np. spektrofotometryczne lub chromatograficzne.
Within the framework of the International Odra Project, organic pollution (pes­ti­cides, volatile organic compounds, poly­cy­clic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated bi­phe­nyls, chlo­roben­zenes) of the Odra river and its tributaries were studied by a team from Gdask University of Technology. From August 1997 to May 2000 seven sample collections were conducted, i.e. one directly after the flood in 1997 (for sampling sites see map in Part I). During the study period the pollution of Odra river water with PAH, PCBs and pes­ti­cides in general did not exceed allowable levels. The highest concentration of volatile chloroorganic compounds was found in the sample from Brzeg Dolny.
Within the framework of the International Odra Project, the organic pollution level, i.e. with pesticides, volatile organic com­pounds, polycyclic aromatic hy­dro­car­bons, poly­chlo­ri­nated biphenyls, chlorobenzenes, in Odra river sediment was studied by a scientific team from Gdask University of Technology. From August 1997 to May 2000 seven sample collections were conducted, among others one imme­di­ately after the flood in 1997 (for sam­pling sites see map in Part I). The results of multi-annual in­ves­ti­gations indicate that Odra river sediments are not polluted with pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and volatile organic compounds. The main problem, particularly in the upper course of the Odra river, is caused by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in sediments.
Toxicity of water, sediment and sewage in the Bug River Basin was assessed in 2001 (two campaigns) as part of an international monitoring program originating at the ECE/UN (Economic Commission for Europe/United Nations) Convention on the protection and use of trans-boundary waters. Using standardized testing procedures, a battery of tests including plants, bacteria, rotifers and crustaceans were exposed to water, and sediment and sewage samples were collected from monitoring points within the basin. Surface waters within the basin were classified as non-toxic, with the possible exception of samples collected from tributary rivers in the upper Bug River basin and in Terespol. Many of the sewage samples appeared toxic for indicator organisms. The reaction of indicator organisms (toxicity effect) to exposure in a determined sample differed greatly. Comparing the results of the ecotoxicological studies of surface waters and the sewage discharged into these waters, one can observe a distinct influence of the poor ecotoxicological quality of the sewage on the deterioration of the recipient body, i.e. the surface waters. Sediment samples indicated a rather high toxicity for a significant portion of samples, yet these effects were very close in the presence of indicator organisms. Ecotoxicological monitoring perfectly complements chemical monitoring and gives us the possibility to evaluate the toxic impact of pollution on the environment.
Transport and accumulation of large amounts of natural and man-made substances takes place in the Odra River. The river is a significant source of pollution for the Baltic Sea. The presence of toluene in the samples of benthic sediments collected after the flood in 1997 was an unexpected find made within the framework of the International Odra Project (IOP). At that time, the origin of toluene, which is a pollutant characteristic of benthic sediments, was not elucidated. Variation in toluene concentrations along the course of the river suggested that the compound might have been of microbial origin. The aim of this study was to find the source of toluene identified in samples of benthic sediments in the Odra River basin after the 1997 flood.
This paper presents the results of analysis of samples of river water and bottom sediments for PAH and PCB content using previously developed analytical procedures. Conclusions are drawn as to the form and main places of occurrence of the above analytes in the various elements of the river ecosystem (water phase, suspension, bottom sediments). The dependencies which were found between the PAH and PCB concentration in these three phases of the ecosystem suggest that: · PAHs are almost entirely adsorbed on the suspension and their transport in river water occurs mainly with the suspended matter. · PCBs are adsorbed to a lesser degree on the particles of suspended matter, which means that their transport in the river takes place both with the aqueous phase and with the suspended matter. · PAHs accumulate in bottom sediments to a much greater extent than PCBs.
Within the framework of the research described here, an attempt was made to identify volatile and semivolatile Non-Regulated Organic Compounds present in samples of riverine water. Twenty-five samples, collected from the Odra River during the eighth sample collection in October 2000 within the framework of the International Odra Project, have been analyzed using the PT-TD-GC-MS technique. A computerized analysis with the use of a mass spectrometer pointed to the presence of organic compounds of natural and anthropogenic origin. The concentrations of chloroorganic compounds, i.e. saturated and unsaturated aliphatic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated bis-isopropyl ether, in samples of water collected near Brzeg Dolny amounted to about 1 ppb. A slightly narrower spectrum of chloroorganic compounds occurring at lower concentrations was identified in samples of water collected in Głogów. The most likely source of these compounds was the “Rokita” Chemical Plant.
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