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Elastic moduli of veneers in pine and beech plywood

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The paper presents the results of a study concerning the elastic moduli of veneers assembled in pine and beech plywood panels. The elastic modulus of veneers in the direction of the grain and the elastic modulus of veneers in the direction perpendicular to the grain were determined by bending plywood strips with their longitudinal axis parallel and perpendicular to the grain of the face plies. The effects of a resin type and the number of veneer plies in the plywood were evaluated. Threeand five-ply plywood bonded with urea and phenol resins were tested. The effect of glue lines in the plywood on the veneer elastic moduli was also evaluated.
A variety of material - properties, shape of parts and product quality after milling justify a search for constructional solutions for the energy-saving design of mill. State of the art technology makes it possible to continue computer aided research of milling as well as to simulate machine mechanisms investigation. The paper indicates possibilities of CAD application aiming to recognize constructional features of mill especially intended for wood-elements. An overview of computer transformation of mill design is in this paper presented, describing the development of modelling & simulation in a variety of contexts of research such as preparing schedule, as well as analysis of obtained results.
The possibilities of using CAD tools in aim to improve design of milling system for wood materials have already presented. In this paper we are focusing on the possibilities of using the results obtained from computer simulation - especially strength and kinematic condition, but what is more effective we try to check how the results can be compared with the results obtained during milling of wood materials in laboratory condition. The initial analysis indicated new areas of construction which can be changed in aim to decrease energy needed to milling and increase the quality of final product.
Effect of the press closing speed on mechanical properties of particleboards with the core layer made from willow (Salix viminalis). Three-layer experimental particleboards were prepared using basket willow (Salix viminalis) particles for the core layer and industrial pine particles for the face layers. The effect of the speed of press closing (1, 2 and 3 mm/s from the mat thickness to the distance bar) on modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) and internal bond (IB) was investigated. The greater speed provided better MOE and MOR, and worse IB. For comparison, the properties of particleboards with the core layer made from pine particles were studied. MOE and MOR of particleboards with the core layer from willow were slightly smaller, and IB was slightly greater.
Effects of manufacturing parameters on mechanical properties of particleboards with the core layer made from willow Salix viminalis. Three-layer experimental particleboards were prepared using the willow Salix viminalis particles for the core layer and industrial pine particles for the face layers. The press temperature (180 and 200°C), press time (4 and 6 min) and shelling ratio (0.3 and 0.4) were variable parameters. The modulus of elasticity (МОЕ), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond (IB) and screw holding strength (SHS) of particleboards were investigated. In general, the considered factors significantly affected the mechanical properties of particleboards.
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