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The problem of introduced plant and animal species has become increasingly imprtant in recent years. Some of these species are found only in greenhouses or thermal waters (Helisoma trivolvis, Menetus dilatatus, Melanoides tuberculata, Planorbella duryi, Holandriana holandrii, Gulella io, Opeas goodallii, Zonitoides arboreus, Pseudosuccinea columella), others expand quickly and efficiently to favourable habitats (Potamopyrgus antipodarum, Physella acuta, Arion rufus, A. lusitanicus, Sinanodonta woodiana, Corbicula fluminea, Dreissena polymorpha) or form small populations there (Ferrisia clessiniana, Lucilla singleyana, Boettgerilla pallens). This paper presents all information on the distribution of invasive mollusc species in Slovakia, both published and unpublished, available to date.
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The paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the malacofauna of the Danube River. A list of all known localities of 64 mollusc species found so far is given, many of the sites being recorded by the authors and not included in any earlier papers.
In stream corridors, driftwood represents mainly a dead vegetation biomass and diverse artificial material relocated along a stream by flooding. Most driftwood can contain empty molluscan shells or a minor proportion of live individuals (i.e. molluscan allocoenoses). Drifted material is important for spreading of fauna and flora. Molluscan allocoenoses can provide valuable information on molluscan fauna of the upstream area. The main objective of the study was to describe changes of the species composition, diversity and similarity in molluscan allocoenoses along the model river ecosystem in relation to land use of partial watersheds. In the years 2010–2011, 23 samples of driftwood were taken at 23 sites along the Hron River (Central Slovakia) from the spring to the mouth. Molluscan allocoenoses were composed of 135 species (95 terrestrial and 40 aquatic). The number of species found at particular sites ranged from 29 to 72 with a mean of 48. We confirmed our hypotheses that similarity in molluscan species composition of driftwood from different sampling sites is related to distance between them, the proportion of woodland species is highest in the upper course of the river with highest forest coverage and, finally, the highest total number of species (gamma diversity) in driftwood is in the most heterogeneous (in terms of land use) middle river section. Whereas alpha and gamma diversity were highest in the middle section, beta diversity was lowest. The molluscan assemblages were most variable within the lower section (the highest beta diversity). The studied river with a length of nearly 280 km appeared to be suitable to allow the changes associated with different land use to be reflected in species composition of molluscs. Changes in molluscan community structure documented by repeated driftwood sampling can reveal the changes in land use within the river watershed. Thus, sampling of driftwood can also be used in landscape ecology research.
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The checklist of 245 mollusc species known so far from the Slovak Republic is presented, plus 11 species limited to greenhouses or thermal waters. Critical comments on species erroneously mentioned in recent publications from Slovakia are included.
Forested scree slopes represent one of the types of shallow subterranean habitats characterised by several unique traits, such as close contact with the soil surface, better availability of organic matter, and lower seasonal fluctuations in microclimate. Relatively varied assemblages of gastropods were collected using a series of subterranean traps filled with formaldehyde or ethylene glycol, exposed inside a forested scree slope at depths from 5 to 95 cm in the Natural Nature Reserve Sivec (eastern Slovakia). The number of gastropods was smaller compared to arthropods. The material of 120 specimens consisted of 22 gastropod species representing 15 families. Almost 87% of the specimens were captured near the soil surface (5– 15 cm) and only few of them penetrated deeper. Ethylene glycol was more effective than formaldehyde in collecting gastropods. No subterranean species were found. Forest species predominated over some hygrophilous and petrophilous ones.
We studied the shell and penis morphology, and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences, in minute, valvatiform hydrobiid gastropods from Slovensky Kras, Slovakia. The morphology confirmed the assignment of the studied snails to the genus Hauffenia, while in the molecular tree they were placed within the Hydrobiidae, and not close to Hauffenia. The results indicate that the Slovak valvatiform hydrobiids are two taxa which presumably represent two genera: Hauffenia Pollonera, 1898 and Lobaumia Haase, 1993. More molecular data on the Austrian and Hungarian taxa are needed.
91 mollusc species were recorded from 92 sites in the Bukovské vrchy Mts (Slovakia) as a result of the recent malacological research, combined with earlier published and unpublished data. The most important communities of predominantly East Carpathian species occur throughout the deciduous woodlands dominated by beech. The mollusc communities are characterised by low numbers of individuals dispersed over large areas. Rich malacocoenoses are confined to scattered favourable habitats, such as well vegetated base-rich seepages, landslide scars and water-logged depressions, as well as at fresh calcareous outcrops or screes. A detailed snail succession from Holocene slope sediments at the Krivoštianka (Humenské vrchy Mts) provides the most complete record from the Slovak East Carpathians and is the most detailed yet published from this region. The mollusc succession differs from the standard faunal developmental pattern of Central Europe due to the absence of a considerable number of common Central European species, whose succession is well known at present.
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