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Fungal rhinitis in dogs

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Fungal rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs are quite common reasons of chronic nasal discharge and rhinoscopy in such cases is commonly suggested. Forty three dogs were examined using rhinoscopy because of the presence of chronic airway symptoms. Clinical examination, routine hematology and serum biochemistry profiles, nasal and frontal sinus radiographs were made in all animals. Additionally, computed tomography in one dog was performed. Samples for histopathology were taken from 9 patients during rhinoscopy, additionally, from 8 of these patients samples for cytopathology were collected by blind nasal swab technique. In 9 of 43 dogs (20,5%), all males aged 1 to 13 years, examinations led to a diagnosis of fungal rhinitis. In 2 cases a diagnosis of fungal rhinitis was obtained based solely on cytopathology, while in 7 cases – mycosis of nasal mucosa was confirmed by histopathology. The present study revealed that cytopathological examination of nasal swabs has a low diagnostic value in the case of nasal infections in dogs. Although, in some dogs cytopathology, together with other widely available diagnostic techniques was sufficient to reliably diagnose fungal rhinitis, histopathology of samples collected during rhinoscopy is still the gold standard in such cases.
The aim of this study was to describe the case of a 5-year-old female Golden retriever with malignant lymphoma. The dog was presented to the veterinarian because of respiratory tract disorders, mainly respiratory distress. At first, pneumonia was suspected on the basis of imaging diagnostic results and the absence of malignant cells in material from a biopsy of the enlarged lymph nodes. Ultimately, bronchoscopy provided sufficient basis for the final diagnosis: malignant pulmonary lymphoma. Then it was possible to administer appropriate therapy, which prolonged the patient’s life for almost 3 years. The description of this case may be very useful for practitioners because of the uncommon course of the diagnostic and treatment process.
In a 9-years-old Labrador retriever, signs of severe weakness and a dark brown colour of urine were observed. During clinical examination, pain of the abdominal cavity and muscles was noted. Abdominal x-ray and ultrasound examination revealed signs of intestinal obstruction. The activity of creatine kinase was 187380 U/l. The diagnosis of acute muscle damage was made. Treatment included antibiotic and analgesic therapy, as well as aggressive fluid infusion. No additional treatments were required, and the dog made a speedy recovery. The rapid and intensive treatment prevented acute renal failure, which is a life-threatening complication of acute rhabdomyolisis. This is the first case of acute idiopathic rhabdomyolysis in a dog in Poland. An early intensive fluid therapy and a critical interpretation of radiological signs of intestinal obstruction are crucial for successful therapy.
Peafowl (Pavo cristatus), similarly to other Galliformes, are particularly susceptible to infection by Mycobacterium avium. Peafowl differ from other Galliformes in the clinical image of the infection, with dominating respiratory signs. Occurrence of severe and sustained dyspnoea in peafowl raises suspicion of mycobacteriosis, which, however, is not always easy to confirm. In the cases described here, mycobacteria were detected in direct swabs from the trachea of two individuals, and cultures were conducted on the Löwenstein-Jensen medium. In one individual, no mycobacteria were found in tracheal swabs stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen method, despite the presence of clear clinical signs. The fourth case was a young bird submitted for necropsy. The cause of death was a mechanical trauma, but scarce caseous nodules typical of mycobacteriosis were found in the liver, spleen and lungs. The Mycobacterium avium isolates obtained from those cases were compared using (CCG)4-based PCR. A high similarity of three isolates of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was observed, two of which were derived from peafowl originating from the same farm, while the isolate from the fourth bird differed significantly and was identified by sequencing as Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
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