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Aura
|
2003
|
nr 04
10-12
Soil is the basic element of the natural environment. It provides habitat to a vast number of microorganisms. It is a source of nutrients, water and heat for plants. Many chemical substances are accumulated in the soil and are partially neutralised. The soil act as a protective filter. However, its capacity is limited. How does soil influence human and animal health - read on to find the answer.
Five profiles of chernozems from several European countries were examined in the present study. The chernozems developed from various rocks and differed in their morphology and chemical properties. Mineralogical studies were carried out on the fraction <2 ľm by an X-ray method, using a diffractometer with a proportional recorder. It was found that all European chernozems examined in this study had a similar mineral complex of the clay fraction. Its major components were montmorillonite and illite usually forming mixed structures, whereas kaolinite, quartz, vermiculite and chlorite were present in smaller amounts, and feldspars occurred as trace minerals. Basically, differences in the mineral composition of various profiles and various soil horizons lie in different quantitative relations between the minerals listed above.
The studies were conducted in various parts of the Lublin Upland on the soils formed from loess and loess-like formations as well as from limestone. The greatest and the quickest changes in the soil cover and typology are caused by erosion resulting from the changes of forest soils into cultivated soils. Several cycles of soil development in the undulating terrain are presented in relation to the intensity of erosion, mother rock, and original soil. Forest soils are not prone to undergo transformations. Cultivation going on for several hundreds years causes slow changes, mainly in some of the chemical soil properties (e.g., in the fractional humus contents, soil reaction, the contents of available K and P). A probable soil cover that existed 500-600 years ago, and the cover expected in several hundreds years have also been presented.
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