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The article describes electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in dogs with diagnosed metabolic encephalopathy (ME) due to a porto-systemic shunt (PSS). A group of 24 dogs underwent an EEG examination according to a uniform recording protocol. Patients were divided into group A, comprising dogs diagnosed with hepatic PSS (n = 12), and control group B, composed of patients with an extracranial neurological disorder without cerebral involvement. All dogs included in the study underwent standard diagnostic procedures, which included a comprehensive metabolic panel and EEG examinations. All EEG recordings were subjected to visual and spectral analysis and were compared. The visual EEG examination revealed a high voltage, low-frequency background activity in both groups, more pronounced in group A. Random pathological activity of paroxysmal discharges (PD) was found only in group A, consisting of spikes and sharp-and-slow waves. Moreover, the presence of bilateral symmetric triphasic waves was noted only in group A. The EEG features in the dogs with ME were similar to known characteristics of the corresponding human EEG recordings.
INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is one of the most common neurological diseases in humans and dogs. In humans the most frequent form is mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mesial TLE) and is characterised by hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Hippocampal atrophy and/ or necrosis in IE dogs may be equivalent to HS, but TLE is yet not diagnosed in dogs. AIM(S): The aim of the study was the magnetic resonance comparison of the volume of the hippocampus dogs with IE with healthy group. METHOD(S): The study was carried on 18 dogs, divided into groups: A, dogs with confirmed IE (n=9, 6 males, 3 females, mean age 65 months [range 8–108]) and B; dogs with no history of seizures, normal blood and brain MRI (n=9, 7 males, 2 females, mean age 88 months [range 36–120]). All dogs underwent brain MRI (1.5T, Philips, Ingenia). The results were calculated using MR slice volumetric (cm3 ) analysis of the right and left hippocampus (OsiriX 8, Switzerland), using a semi-automatic method (T2W transverse images, TR/TE 6032/100 ms, FOV 140 mm, layer thickness 3.00 mm, GAP 1.0 mm, voxel size 0.45/0.58/2.00 mm). Statistical analysis was carried out using Statistica software (version 12.5). Data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed data was assessed using the Student’s t-test. Non-normally distributed data was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in the size of the left and right hippocampus between group A and B (left p=0.001, right p=0.007). No difference was found in the inter hemispheric volumes of the hippocampus in both groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant differences in the hippocampal volume in IE dogs visible in MRI, suggesting hippocampal atrophy. This finding may resemble human mesial TLE, which makes tdogs a possible naturally occurring animal model for human mesial TLE.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of surgical treatment in 16 dogs, depending on the animal's age, body weight, deep pain perception, and time from the onset of neurological symptoms to the consultation with a veterinary neurologist and successive surgery. Sixteen dogs diagnosed with cervical (n = 11 ) or thoracolumbar (n = 5) disc extrusions underwent spinal surgeries (eleven ventral slots and five hemilaminectomies). The success rate of surgical treatment was 64.3% in dogs with preserved nociception. No association between the animal's age or body weight and the result of surgical treatment was found. A successful surgical outcome was more likely when the symptom-to-surgery time was shorter.
INTRODUCTION: The potential use of stem cells in spinal cord regeneration is widely discussed. Xenogenic implantation of antlerogenic stem cell homogenate (ACH) was reported to improve cartilage and cornea regeneration. AIM(S): A multilevel spinal cord reaction assessment to an ACH implantation in a spinal cord injury (SCI) porcine model was undertaken. METHOD(S): ACH (cell line MIC-1; 10×106 cells/ml) was obtained using sonification. Five groups were studied: A-sham, B-negative control, C–E with subdural ACH injection, applied immediately after SCI (C), and 1h (D) and 24 h (E) after SCI. Before (P0), directly after (P1), 2 weeks (P2) and 8 weeks (P3) after contusion, CBC and standard blood biochemistry, TP and CSF pleocytosis, UCHL-1, TNF‑alfa, MBP, IL‑8, IL‑6, IL‑1β in the serum and CSF were compared. The degree of SCI on MRI (1.5T, Philips, Ingenia) and MR-DTI parameters (FA, ADC) were also evaluated. Post-mortem histopathology and IHC labeling for an astroglial (GFAP) and microglial (IBA) reaction were performed. All of the above analyses were double-blind and randomized. RESULTS: The majority of the CSF changes were found only in the late postlesion period (P3). The lack of serum IL‑1β changes during the entire experiment in all animals, together with the HP and IHC findings, point to a lack of pro‑inflammatory reaction to the subdural ACH implantation. Decreased levels of cell degeneration markers (MBP, TNF alfa, IL-8) in the CSF of the animals where ACH was used suggest that it has potential neuroprotective activity. CONCLUSIONS: MR and MR-DTI results and a small astrocyte and microglial response in group C (subdural ACH implantation directly after the SCI), suggest a potential beneficial influence of ACH on the neuronal tissue at the injury site. However, due to the data inhomogeneity, a longer observation on a larger group of animals should be conducted. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This study was conducted in a National Center for Research and Development project (UOD-DEM-1-352/001) .
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