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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used for in vitro amplification of specific DNA fragments. The PCR technique is based on the reiteration of a three-step process: denaturation DNA into single strands, annealing primers (specific synthetic oligonucleotides) to the DNA template and enzymatic extension from the primers along the templates. The usefulness of this new technique to the detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA has been described.
A new data from investigations on Pneumocystis carinii were presented as well as an application of molecular techniques to the diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia.
Podęjto próbę określenia wpływu metody izolacji DNA z płynu mózgowo-rdzeniowego na wynik amplifikacjii fragmentów genu B1 Toxoplasmosa gondii w łańcuchowej reakcji polimerazy. Stwierdzono że najwydatniejszą spośród trzech metod, które poddawano badaniom była metoda izolacji enzymatycznej ponieważ umożliwiła wykrywanie DNA T. gondii w 50% próbek zawierających tylko jednego pasożyta.
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Epidemiologia wlosnicy w Polsce dawniej i dzis

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Since the XIX century human trichinellosis has remained an unsolved problem of public healthcare in Poland. This paper describes the past situation and analyses current changes in the epidemiological pattern of trichinellosis in Poland. Epidemiological data from the last 60 years, point out that the number of human cases as well as the number of deaths caused by trichinellosis has decreased significantly. Up to 90s the main source of Trichinella infection for people was pork. Among other implemented control measures, the introduction of the artificial digestion method in the early 80s to detect trichinellosis in pigs resulted in a shift in the sources of Trichinella infection in humans - pork was replaced with wild boar meat. In the years 1990-1995 the number of outbreaks due to pork consumption was 3.5-times higher than in the years 2000-2005. In the early nineties pork was the source of infection causing about 71% of all outbreaks; in 2000-2005 that number has fallen to only 12%. On the other hand wild boar meat was responsible for 23% of the outbreaks in 1990-1995 and as many as 88% of all outbreaks in the years 2000-2005. Moreover the number of persons infected in the outbreaks significantly decreased. The study of wild animals demonstrated that wild boars in Poland are infected not only with T. spiralis but also with Trichinella britovi. These results and EU recommendations indicate a requirement of determining the Trichinella species which cause infections in outbreaks. In the 3 trichinellosis outbreaks in 2005 the infected meat products were examined with molecular tools. T. spiralis species larvae were the etiological agents of infection in all these outbreaks. The current epidemiological situation of trichinellosis in Poland indicates a need of increasing the awareness of risks related to wild boar meat consumption among the general public. Introducing the artificial digestion method as an obligatory method for wild boar meat examination is also necessary.
Since serological methods used in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis may be helpful to a various extent, depending on the stage of a diagnosed infection, it was decided to evaluate the usefulness of some the methods in the course of infection. Wistar rats were used in the experiments. The animals were administered hydrocortisone infections for 12 weeks to induce immunosuppression and activate naturally occurring asymptomatic infections with Pneumocystis carinii. Blood samples and specimes of lung tissues were collected, then they were examined for the presence of specific IgG and IgM antibodies, circulating antigen of Pneumocystsis carinii and circulating immune complexes using immunoenzymatic assays. The results of the above experiments indicated, that in an early stage of infection, the examinations of serum samples for circulating immune complexes were helpful, particularly for these with IgM antibodies.
In 2009 microfilaremia was recognized in ten dogs living in five distinct districts located near Warsaw, the capital of Poland. Based on PCR results, all the animals were found to be infected with Dirofilaria repens. Nine of the infected dogs have never travelled outside the country and it was assumed that the cases were native. Monitoring the infection in the European countries should be introduced to establish the actual geographic range of dirofilariosis.
To date, only a few cases of Demodex gatoi demodecosis have been reported around the world. D. gatoi is a species of mites that infest cats. The mite is much smaller than D. cati and inhabits the superficial keratin skin layer rather than hair follicles. We describe D. gatoi infestation in a young male British Shorthair cat with pruritic dermatosis treated chronically with immunosuppressive drugs for food allergy. In this report we present the diagnostic process and problems associated with the treatment of D. gatoi infestation in a cat undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
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