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In this study, eight forest associations in Szczecin Landscape Park and in the vicinity were examined for the presence of ant species. The only species present in all the associations was Myrmica ruginodis. Habitat conditions in the beech forest (Galio odorati-Fagetum), which grows on post-glacial hills, was diversified enough to enable occurrence of as many as 16 ant species. There was no substantial difference in ant species composition between beech and mixed forests. Alder swamps and riparian forests seemed to provide unfavourable living conditions for ants and only 3 ant species were recorded in these environments. Results show that indicating the type of plant association alone may be insufficient to characterize the environmental conditions that affect ant occurrence.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and absorption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from Eutric Cambisol were measured after treatment soils with NO3 - N in laboratory incubation experiments. Incubation experiments were designed to investigate the influence of variables such as oxidation- reduction conditions, pH, organic matter content and granulometric composition on denitrification capacity of investigated soils. Results showed that these soils were emitters (cumulative production N2O ranged from 11.4 to 66.5 mg N2O-N kg-1 of soil) as well as reducers (daily sink of N2O ranged from 1.3 to 66.5 mg N2O-N d-1 kg-1 of soil). The range of reduction of N20 under investigation conditions was from 10 to 100% depending on the kind of soil and time of incubation. Production and reduction of N20 were non- linearly correlated with redox potential (R2=0.906 and R2=0.966, respectively). The boundary value of redox potential for emission of nitrous oxide was 250 mV and for absorption of N2O was about 200 mV. Redox potential showed a negative correlation with pH value (R =0.685). Eh value decreased with decreasing of N03-N in the range from about 10 to 100 mg NO3-N kg-1 of soil. The highest daily reduction of nitrate was observed in the narrow range of Eh value (200 - 210 mV). The boundary nitrate concentration resulted in distinct drop of redox potential was about 100 mg NO3-N kg-1. Under investigated conditions the maximum emission of N20 was observed at pH range between 4.5-6, but maximum absorption of nitrous oxide occurred at pH about 5.5 to about 7. Differences in the dissimi- lative reduction of nitrate were observed in the investigated soils. Absorption of N20 occurred simultaneously with the reduction of nitrate and after depletion of NO3- during the course of the experiment. The range of reduccd nitrate fluctuated from 22 to 100% depending on the kind of soil and time of incubation. Denitrification rate and sink of nitrous oxide showed high cor- relation with mineralization of organic matter (R =0.906 and R =0.913, respectively). Daily emission of CO2 ranged from 1.3 to 23.2 mg CO2-C kg-1 d-1 and was correlated with redox potential (R2=0.871), organic matter content (R2=0.314), and pH (R2=0.804). Differences in release of C02 were noticed in the investigated soils. The lowest cumulative amount of carbon dioxide was found in soils developed from sand (mean 75 mg C02-C kg-1). Higher emission was observed in soils developed from loam (mean 130 mg CO2-C kg-1) and the highest amount of carbon dioxide was obtained in soils developed from silt (mean 210 mg C02-C kg-1). Relationship between carbon (as CO2) and nitrogen (as N2O) flux reflected by the C/N ratio in the headspace air and relationship between carbon (as CO2 flux) and nitrogen (as NO3- reduced) were calculated. These two ratios describe the character of biochemical processes in the soils particularly their denitrification capacity as well as their ability to sink of nitrous oxide and nitrate reduction.
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Glony - produkcja biomasy

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Glony mogą służyć do produkcji biomasy, którą następnie można wykorzystywać na wiele sposobów. Biomasa może posłużyć do produkcji biodiesla, biogazu, energii elektrycznej, a także cieplnej. Ze względu na rosnące ceny ropy naftowej, a także wzrost zanieczyszczenia środowiska, prowadzone są co raz szersze badania w zakresie wykorzystania biomasy, jako źródła energii bioodnawialnej. Obecnie testowane są liczne systemy namnażania glonów, które często charakteryzują się różną wydajnością produkcji, przy czym wydajność zależy nie tylko od konstrukcji danego fotobioreaktora, lecz również od składników pokarmowych dostarczanych podczas namnażania, natężenia światła, stężenia CO2 i temperatury.
The paper presents research results concerning water retention curves, pore size distribution, and redox potential in profiles of muck-like soils under varied agricultural use. It was found that relatively favourable conditions for plant growth and development occur only in the surface horizons of muck-like soils, where the amount of water easily available for plants is at the level of 10-15%. Tillage of muck-like soils as arable fields for crop plants with low requirements, such as oat, potato, or field vegetable crops (cabbage) results in an almost two-fold decrease, in their muck-like horizons, of the content of large pores from 34 to 19% by vol., and an increase in the content of medium pores from 10 to 14-15% by vol., as compared to multi-year meadow cultivation. The studied soil profiles, with pore size distribution favourable for the processes of drying, are characterised by a strong resistance to reduction, i.e. redox potential values above +400 mV, observed within a broad range of soil water potential values, and which mean that one should not expect nitrate reduction in the soil profiles studied, and consequently no generation and emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O) to the atmosphere. The muck-like soil profiles studied can also be classified among soils with weak emission of carbon dioxide, which means that the soils do not contribute to the process of atmospheric/climatic warming.
The aim of this paper was to measure the influence of different forms of nitrogen (NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺) on N₂O consumption and dehydrogenase activity these being the index of soil oxidative activity in the soils developed from sand and loam under flooded conditions. Both soils were able to produce and consume nitrous oxide. The processes of N₂O production and consumption depended on N-amendment. Loamy soil amended with nitrate(V) produced additionally 65.7 mg kg⁻¹ N₂O-N during seven days of incubation and then N₂O consumption (produced and added - 142.4 mg kg⁻¹ N₂O-N) was observed. In soil developed from sand amended with nitrate(V) production of N₂O was equal to 19.1 mg kg⁻¹ N₂O-N during first three days of incubation and small consumption (7.8 mg kg⁻¹ N₂O-N) was observed after that period. NH₄⁺ addition did not influence N₂O consumption in both investigated soils. NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ addition inhibited dehydrogenase activity in the case of the two investigated soils compared with the control. There was observed some ‘transition’ stage clearly visible between phases of adaptation to utilization of nitrous oxide as electron acceptors both in the case where N₂O was added and was produced in the denitrification process. Nitrous oxide consumption probably occurred by another biochemical pathway than reduction to N₂ (denitrification) reflected in the change of dehydrogenase activity. NO₂⁻ amendment inhibited all investigated biochemical activities. Soil ability to N₂O consumption was positively correlated with the dehydrogenase activity.
Methods of start (as a new one), reactive, basal, and long-term respiration determination in laboratory conditions were used for evaluating Corg transformation with CO2 release from sandy soil (Haplic Luvisol) enriched in field experiments with organic (manure) and mineral (clay, lime) materials. They proved to be useful in such experiments. The objective of the investigation was to find which treatments stimulate or inhibit Corg mineralization. Of all treatments used, the least susceptible to Corg mineralization in soil appeared to be the soil enriched with manure. The most susceptible was soil enriched with soil+manure+clay+lower dose of lime.
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