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Pulsatilla vernalis is a rare species in the Polish lowlands, strongly threatened by anthropogenic disturbance of its habitats. A grave decrease in its populations has been observed during the past 60-80 years (analogous populations in Eastern Austria and the Czech Republic are almost or completely extinct). An analysis of the genetic diversity of populations in the Polish lowlands was performed to estimate its level and distribution. The AFLP method was used for the study of seven populations. An analysis using five pairs of selective primers revealed 446 scorable fragments; 62.1% of them were polymorphic. The average gene diversity indices was 0.17 (the mean value for all the populations), ranging from 0.139 to 0.204. A weak relationship between diversity and population size was revealed. Most of the genetic diversity was contributed to by the within-population level (AMOVA) and only a weak geographical structure was shown by UPGMA clustering. Four populations formed population-specific clusters while three others (from one region) were intermixed. These preliminary results show a moderate genetic diversity of the studied populations, which was still rather high when compared with their size. This result, together with the low between-population differentiation in the region, suggests that these populations are the remnants of larger populations that, only a few decades ago, were much less isolated.
Polygonum viviparumis one of very few herbaceous plants known to form ectomycorrhiza; in the Tatra Mts. it is one of dominants in the alpine zone, but also descends down to the feet of the massif. Specimens of this plant were collected from 5 sites at the altitude range 900– 2150 m, from granite and limestone. It allowed an estimation of the ectomycorrhizal diversity as well as preliminary ecological observations. Roots were also stained in order to check potential presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Ectomycorrhizae were present in all specimens (with 2–5 morphotypes observed on single plants). In total, 17 morphotypes were observed and briefly described. The most widespread were the mycorrhiza of Cenococcum geophilum and a brightly coloured morphotype resembling the ectomycorrhizae of Russula sp. No important differences in ectomycorrhizal colonization between low and high localities were found. Observed general differences in abundance and diversity of mycorrhiza in P. viviparum between sites could most probably be connected with plant community composition (presence/absence of ectomycorrhizal shrubs maintaining ectomycorrhizal fungi), although mycorrhizae were present also in sites devoid of other ectomycorrhizal plants. Structures associated to arbuscular colonization (vesicles, hyphal coils) were occassionally observed, but without formation of arbuscules.
Jules Favre (1882–1959) was an outstanding Swiss naturalist, who worked in many domains of science (geology, paleontology, zoology, botany, mycology) and left an important and interesting scientific legacy. This paper outlines his scientific life with particular regard to mycology, which was his most important area of research. He is considered to be a pioneer in alpine mycology and mycosociology.
Cochlearia polonica Fröhl. (Brassicaceae) is one of the rarest species in the Polish and European flora and a taxon endemic to a very small area in southern Poland. Due to industrial activities and subsequent transformation of habitats it was extinct in all natural localities around 1994. The persistence of the species was ensured thanks to the active protection efforts including a series of transplantations based on the material from the last and decreasing natural population. The history of conservation efforts of C. polonica provides a model example of successful active protection in the European flora. Here, we provide a complete review comprising the following aims: (i) outline of the discovery and taxonomic conceptions on C. polonica, (ii) review of conservation efforts aimed at preserving its populations, (iii) description of the existing population resources, and (iv) analysis of the genetic structure of all existing populations based on previously published data and new, supplementary results.
New records and new host for Melampsoridium hiratsukanum (Fungi, Uredinales) in Poland. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica 8: 245–249. Kraków. PL ISSN 1640 629X. ABSTRACT: Melampsoridium hiratsukanum S. Ito has been recorded in some new localities in Poland. To the previously known two Polish sites the further four are added in the paper, and new host in the Polish population (Alnus glutinosa) is reported. The fungus seems to be a newcomer in Poland and it spreads rapidly in some regions of the country.
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