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Our investigations suggest that the usually observed avoidance by O. ununguis of current year’s twigs of P. glauca ‘Conica’ as a place for feeding and development may be connected with their morphological and anatomical structure as well their biochemical composition. Needles of the current year’s twigs were covered with a thicker layer of wax and formed more extensive epidermis cell walls, in comparison with needles of 1-year-old twigs. Young needles also showed lower concentration of reducing sugars and soluble proteins, which might additionally reduce their nutritional suitability for mite development. Differences were also found between the 1- year-old growth and current growth in contribution of essential oils and a range of other compounds. Further analyses of the effect of these compounds on mite behavior may provide additional explanation of the feeding preferences of the mite.
Differences in susceptibility to infestation by spruce spider mite of 3 investigated spruce species (Picea glauca ‘Conica’, P. pungens and P. omorika) may be due to features of anatomical and morphological structure of needles. In P. omorika, showing some resistance to the spruce spider mite, we noted lamellar structure of epidermal cell walls and extensive supporting tissues (hypodermis and sclerenchyma fibres) at the whole circumference of the needle.
The impact of spruce spider mite (SSM) (Oligonychus ununguis Jacobi, Acari: Tetranychidae) feed-ng on needle compounds of young dwarf white spruce (Picea glauca ’Conica’), important in defence against pests, was determined. It was shown that the direction and intensity of changes in chemical composition of spruce needles was related to the density of spruce spider mite popu-a-ion. Relative to uninfested controls, needles of trees infested by 2-6 mites per 5 cm of twig during 8 weeks con-ained markedly higher concentration of soluble proteins, total phenolics and essential oil volatiles (linalool, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, δ-3-carene, p-cymene, limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, borneol, methyl salicylate, geranyl acetate). Feeding of a three times larger population of mites (18 specimens per 5 cm of twig) caused either reduction of concentration of those compounds, or no significant difference in comparison to the control. The results of our study show that O. ununguis at relatively low density (not exceeding 2-6 specimens per 5 cm of twig per 8 weeks) stimulates even susceptible host-plant to alter metabolism, however induced responses are suppressed as mite density increases. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of changes in the concentration of needle primary and secondary metabolites to white spruce defence against O. ununguis.
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