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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Transporter protein and drug resistance of Trypanosoma

100%
Medina N. P., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
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2016
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tom 62
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nr 1
Trypanosoma infection is one of the most important infections in livestock and humans. One of the main problems of its therapeutic control and treatment is the resurgence of drug resistance. One of the most studied causes of such resistance is the function of its adenosine transporter gene. A trypanosomal gene TbAT1 from Trypanosoma brucei has been cloned in yeast to demonstrate its function in the transport of adenosine and trypanocidal agents. Drug resistant trypanosomes showed a defective TbAT1 variant; furthermore, deletion of the gene and set point mutations in the transporter gene has been demonstrated from isolates from relapse patients. The molecular understanding of the mechanism of action trypanocidal agents and function of transporter gene can lead to control of drug resistance of Trypanosomes.
2
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Hormon antymullerowski (AMH) jako marker pozyskiwania zarodków przeżuwaczy

100%
Soquila S. S., Mingala C. N.
Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego
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2017
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tom 13
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nr 4
3
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Molecular identification of Buxtonella sulcata from associated-diarrhea in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines

81%
Dianso J. A., Garcia G. G., Belotindos L. P., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
|
2018
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tom 64
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nr 2
Sixty suspected protozoan oocysts were demonstrated from 260 fecal samples collected from water buffaloes aged one month to seven years old with clinical signs of diarrhea in four provinces in the Philippines after conventional methods of isolation, sporulation, morphological characteristics and Kinyoun Acid Fast Staining techniques. The recovered protozoan oocysts were subjected to molecular analysis. Amplification of DNA extracted from recovered Eimeria oocysts using universal primers for the ITS-1 region of 18S rRNA revealed PCR products with 348 bp size demonstrated by samples collected from Benguet, La Union and Nueva Ecija provinces in the Philippines while DNA extracted from oocysts of suspected Cryptosporidium spp. samples that applied primers for the SSU of 18S rRNA registered PCR products but no genes were amplified from diarrheic water buffaloes from these provinces. Alignment of the DNA sequences of the suspected Eimeria and Cryptosporidium species revealed sequences for three isolates of Buxtonella sulcata with product lengths that varied from 235 to 252 bp. This is an initial observation on the involvement of B. sulcata in diarrhea condition of water buffaloes in the Philippines. Phylogenetic analysis of the three local isolates of B. sulcata revealed no similarity with other protozoan constructed according to Neighbor-Joining method.
4
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum DNA in fecal samples of infected cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines using loop-mediated isothermal amplification method

81%
Domingo C. Y. J., Pascual H. G., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
|
2018
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tom 64
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nr 4
Fecal DNA samples from 17 cattle and 38 water buffaloes found to be infected with Cryptosporidium oocysts using Kinyoun acid fast stain from a previous study, were subjected to loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay using specific primers for Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) from three municipalities, Maria, Baler and San Luis of the province of Aurora in the Philippines. Results of the fecalysis using Kinyoun acid fast stain and LAMP assay were compared with the PCR results of the examined farmer/owner who raised these animals to determine the possible zoonoses of C. parvum between the farmers and their animals. Using LAMP assay, only 41% (7/17) were positive in cattle and 76% (29/38) in water buffaloes. Out of the seven LAMP positive cases in cattle, 86% (6/7) came from Maria and 14% (1/7) from Baler. Out of 29 LAMP positive cases in water buffaloes, 62% (18/29) came from Maria, 24% (7/29) from Baler and 14% (4/29) from San Luis. Comparing with the earlier results for probable zoonoses of C. parvum between the farmers and their animal was determined. Eight farmers that were positive in PCR and with their water buffaloes, positive in LAMP assay were detected to have C. parvum. Only one farmer with his cattle was detected positive of Cryptosporidium spp. in PCR, however, it was negative in LAMP assay hence, a non-parvum species might infected the farmer and the animal.
5
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A comparison of FLOTAC and CFF techniques in detecting gastrointestinal parasites in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

81%
Salvador R. T., Abalos R. P., Ruba A. M., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
|
2014
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tom 60
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nr 2
The objective of the study was to compare the usefulness of FLOTAC and centrifugal fecal flotation (CFF) techniques. More specifically, the taxonomic classes (Nematoda and Cestoda) of endoparasites present in fecal samples of buffaloes are identified, the sensitivity and specificity of FLOTAC relative to CFF are calculated, and the agreement of both techniques is evaluated using Kappa statistics. Fresh fecal samples from 220 buffaloes in 10 municipalities were collected. Sheather’s sugar was used as a flotation solution for both the FLOTAC and CFF techniques. Of the 220 animals, 109 samples were nematode positive and 111 samples were nematode negative according to the FLOTAC technique, while 74 were found to be positive and 146 negative according to the CFF technique. No cestodes were detected by either technique. The calculated sensitivity for FLOTAC is 89.19% and its specificity is 70.55%. Kappa statistics revealed moderate agreement (k=0.535) between the two techniques in detecting nematodes. The prevalence observed based on FLOTAC and CFF test were 49.54% (109/220; 95% CI: 47.75–56.34) and 33.64% (72/220; 95% CI: 27.42–40.3), respectively.
6

Molecular characterization of Trypanosoma evansi isolates from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in the Philippines

81%
Villareal M. V., Mingala C. N., Rivera W. L.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2013
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tom 58
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nr 1
Trypanosoma evansi infection in the Philippines is frequently reported to affect the country’s livestock, particularly, the buffaloes. To assess the prevalence and intraspecific diversity of T. evansi in the country, blood samples from water buffaloes in different geographical regions were collected during an outbreak. T. evansi was detected in all 79 animals tested using PCR targeting the RoTat 1.2 VSG gene. Sequencing of the rDNA complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region including the 5.8S subunit showed high similarity (99–100%) between Philippine isolates and known T. evansi isolates in Genbank. Tree construction based on the same region confirmed the close relationship between Philippine and reported Thai isolates as compared to Egyptian isolates separated by relatively small genetic distances, 47 polymorphisms, despite the clustering in four branches. Overall, the results of this study prove genetic diversity within T. evansi species despite previous reports on limited heterogeneity among isolates worldwide.
7
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Prevalence of babesiosis (Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina) in cattle and water buffalo in Nueva Ecija, Philippines using Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction

81%
Herrera P. C. T., Viloria V. V., Balbin M. M., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
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2017
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tom 63
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nr 4
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina infection in blood samples of cattle and water buffaloes using nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR). It also aimed to generate a spot map showing areas in Nueva Ecija, the Philippines where B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected. Whole blood samples of cattle (148) and water buffalo (65) were collected for DNA extraction and subsequent nested-PCR to detect B. bovis and B. bigemina. To further confirm and validate the nested-PCR results, three selected positive samples for each B. bovis and B. bigemina were sequenced and examined for homology analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of B. bovis, B. bigemina and mixed infection in cattle were 11.49% (17/148), 10.81% (16/148) and 5.41% (8/148), respectively. Homology analysis of nucleotide sequence of three selected DNA samples for each B. bovis showed two 99% and one 96% (partial sequence analysis) identities with B. bovis Thailand strain, while B. bigemina positive samples showed all 100% identities with B. bigemina Philippine strain. The result did not demonstrate in all water buffalo samples. These findings provide information about the prevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina in cattle and water buffaloes in Nueva Ecija, which can be beneficial for strategic planning, disease management, and control and prevention.
8
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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The prevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Babesia spp. in dogs in Nueva Ecija, Philippines based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay

81%
Corales J. M. I., Viloria V. V., Venturina V. M., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
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2014
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tom 60
|
nr 4
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys and Babesia spp. in dogs. It describes the practice of veterinarians in detecting tick-borne diseases in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Seventy blood samples were collected and were subjected to multiplex PCR for the detection of E. canis, Babesia spp. and A. platys. The prevalence of babesiosis is the highest in Cabanatuan City (2/10), while a 10% prevalence (1/10) was observed in Science City of Muñoz, Talavera and Sta. Rosa. E. canis were only detected in Cabanatuan City. However, no anaplasmosis was detected in any area. The prevalence of babesiosis and ehrlichiosis in Nueva Ecija is 7.14% (5/70) and 2.85% (2/70) respectively. In addition, 70% (7/10) of the Nueva Ecija veterinary practitioners encountered cases of suspected ehrlichiosis in their practice. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is based primarily on presented clinical signs and complete blood counts, which include a platelet count. Of the 10 respondents, half utilized test kits while 90% interpreted blood samples. Meanwhile, only 60% of the respondents used an ELISA test kit for ehrlichiosis. For some practitioners, the main reason for not utilizing a kit is the high cost. None of the respondents had previously attended cases of suspected anaplasmosis. Only one respondent diagnosed a case of babesiosis by blood smear microscopy.
9

Molecular detection and characterization of Theileria species in the Philippines

81%
Belotindos L. P., Lazaro J. V., Villanueva M. A., Mingala C. N.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2014
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tom 59
|
nr 3
Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild animals that cause devastating economic loss in livestock in tropical and subtropical regions. Theileriosis is not yet documented in the Philippines as compared to babesiosis and anaplasmosis which are considered major tick-borne diseases that infect livestock in the country and contribute major losses to the livestock industry. The study was aimed to detect Theileria sp. at genus level in blood samples of cattle using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Specifically, it determined the phylogenetic relationship of Theileria species affecting cattle in the Philippines to other Theileria sp. registered in the GenBank. A total of 292 blood samples of cattle that were collected from various provinces were used. Theileria sp. was detected in 43/292 from the cattle blood samples using PCR assay targeting the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene. DNA sequence showed high similarity (90–99%) among the reported Theileria sp. isolates in the GenBank and the Philippine isolates of Theileria. Phylogenetic tree construction using nucleotide sequence classified the Philippine isolates of Theileria as benign. However, nucleotide polymorphism was observed in the new isolate based on nucleotide sequence alignment. It revealed that the new isolate can be a new species of Theileria.
10
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In vitro anthelminthic activity of fringed spiderflower (Cleome rutidosperma) ethanolic leaf extract against Fasciola spp.

81%
Luis H. C., Matias F. B. R., Tubalinal G. A. S., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
|
2021
|
tom 67
|
nr 2
11
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Characterization of drug resistance-associated TevAT1 gene of Trypanosoma evansi from Philippine water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

71%
Mingala C. N., Pasag A. C. P., Salinas M. B. S., Balbin M. M., Villanueva M. A.
Annals of Parasitology
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2019
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tom 65
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nr 4
This study detected and characterized the TevAT1 gene of Trypanosoma evansi isolates from Philippine water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). A total of 68 blood samples from Philippine water buffaloes were subjected to DNA extraction and PCR assay was performed using RoTat 1.2 gene to detect T. evansi. Those samples positive for T. evansi subsequently underwent another PCR assay to detect the presence of TevAT1 gene. Trypanosoma evansi was detected in 26.47% (18/68) blood samples in which distributed throughout the main islands of the country (4 from Luzon, 2 from Visayas and 12 from Mindanao). However, only 10 of these samples were positive for TevAT1 gene. Sequence alignment of the TevAT1 gene from local isolates showed no single nucleotide polymorphisms when compared to other strains in various countries. Those T. evansi without the gene of interest could be possibly resistant to some trypanocidal drugs but this needs to be further investigated in-vitro or in-vivo.
12
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Evidence of Fasciola spp. resistance to albendazole, triclabendazole and bromofenofos in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

71%
Venturina V. M., Alejandro A. F., Baltazar C. P., Abes N. S., Mingala C. N.
Annals of Parasitology
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2015
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tom 61
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nr 4
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola spp. is considered the most important helminth infection of ruminants in tropical countries. Anthelmintic resistance has become a global concern. This study compared the efficacy of the commonly used anthelmintics, determined the toxicity level and any indication of resistance. Thirty two water buffaloes naturally-infected with Fasciola spp. were used to determine the efficacy of triclabendazole (TBZ), albendazole (ABZ), and bromofenofos (BRO) using Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT). To test the toxicity of the drugs given, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) was evaluated before and within one week after treatment. One dose administration of ABZ registered an efficacy of 79.17%, 73.33% for TBZ and 70.83% for BRO. Efficacy in two dosetreatment group was 83.33% for both BRO and ABZ, and 90.00% for TBZ. Two dose-treatment was effective for TBZ (90%), ineffective for BRO and ABZ. SGPT levels were not significantly different between pre-treatment and posttreatment across all treatments. Giving one or two doses of anthelmintics, at one month interval, does not increase the efficacy of the three drugs tested. The study also implies that anthelmintic resistance may have developed in the animals.
13
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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A field trial of recombinant Schistosoma japonicum paramyosin as a potential vaccine in naturally-infected water buffaloes

51%
Jiz II M. A. L., Mingala C. N., Lopez I. F. M., Chua M., Gabonada Jr. F. G., Acosta L. P., Wu H., Kurtis J. D.
Annals of Parasitology
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2016
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tom 62
|
nr 4
The overall aims of this project are to assess the safety and immunogenicity of the Schistosoma japonicum vaccine paramyosin among water buffaloes residing in endemic areas. The study was conducted in four villages in Leyte, the Philippines, an area highly endemic for schistosomiasis japonica. One hundred and fifteen (N=115) animals provided baseline stool samples for coprologic examination, with preliminary results using FLOTAC showing a 10% prevalence of schistosomiasis. Forty-nine (N=49) animals consented to treatment with 25 mg/kg Praziquantel, and 40, 36 and 32 animals consented to the first, second and third dose of the paramyosin vaccine, respectively. The safety trial involved the first 20 animals and included skin testing, vaccination, anaphylaxis monitoring, as well as hematology and serum chemistry analysis. Skin tests revealed that only three out of 20 animals exhibited redness at the injection site, with none greater than 1 cm. None of the animals exhibited anaphylaxis, and all hematology and serum chemistry markers were within normal range or were similar to pre-vaccination levels. None of the 40 animals administered with the first dose exhibited anaphylaxis, nor any of the subsequent vaccine doses. Immunogenicity assessment of sera collected prior to every vaccination and one month after the last dose showed that the paramyosin vaccine induced robust antibody responses to all animals, as assessed by ELISA. The cytokine levels of whole blood culture supernatants will be further assessed. Our findings demonstrate that the S. japonicum paramyosin vaccine is a safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic treatment among water buffalos residing in endemic areas.
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