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1

Effect of advanced paternal age on ultrasound vocalization in mice

100%
Zacchini F., Sampino S., Swiergiel A., Loi P., Ptak G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
2

Effects of blastomere biopsy of preimplantation embryos on expression of imprinted genes and anxiety - and depression - like behaviours in mice

86%
Sampino S., Zacchini F., Swiergiel A., Modlinski J., Loi P., Ptak G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Prenatal developmental period is a critical window, where any perturbation of embryonic/fetal environment can lead to behavioural abnormalities and diseases in adult life, such as depression and stress disorders. The mechanisms underlying long term effects, induced by early perturbation, are not well described, but an epigenetic origin has been suggested. In this work we wanted to investigate whether and how blastomere biopsy on 8-cells stage embryos can have long-term effects on behaviour. Onemonth-old mice derived from the biopsed embryos were subjected to a battery of behavioural tests. The animals displayed an increased locomotor and exploration activity (p<0.05) and increased anxiety-like behaviour. Interestingly, the depressionlike behaviour in the tail suspension test was observed only in female offspring (p<0.001). In addition, to investigate the epigenetic mechanism underlying these behavioural alterations, we analyzed expression of imprinted genes Snrpn, Peg1 and Ube3a in blastocysts obtained after biopsy. These imprinted genes are highly expressed in pre-implantation embryos, where their epigenetic programming is defined, and in brain, shaping the behavioural phenotype of offspring. Real-Time PCR analysis revealed significant down-regulation of Peg1 (p<0.05), Snrpn and Ube3a (p<0.01) in blastocysts derived from the biopsed embryos, compared to controls. The results suggest that blastomere biopsy causes an altered expression of imprinted genes in preimplantation embryo. The reduction of expression of these transcripts can cause anxiety- or depression-like behaviours and alteration of locomotory activity in offspring obtained following biopsy of early embryos.
3

Effect of advanced paternal age on ultrasound vocalization in mice

86%
Zacchini F., Sampino S., Swiergiel A., Modlinski J., Loi P., Ptak G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Delayed parenthood is a growing phenomenon in western countries due to modern lifestyle. In particular, delayed fatherhood has been described as a factor of risk for several mental disorders and intermediate phenotypes such as poor cognitive or social functions. In this work we want to investigate whether and how advanced paternal age can affect development of offspring. We evaluated UltraSound Vocalization (USV) activity on 4-day old mice, born from both aged and young (control) father, after removal from their nest. We found that the total number of USV in the 5 minutes of testing was significantly higher in pups from aged mice than control (p<0.002) and that the main difference was present during the first minute (p <0.0004). Also, our data showed that the number of high intensity USV was increased in pups from aged mice (p<0.002). We also evaluated the righting reflex ability of 6 and 10-days-old mice. We did not find any difference in righting reflex ability between groups. All together our data show that delayed fatherhood affect communication skills and anxiety likebehavior but no innate righting reflex ability. In conclusion, advanced paternal age affects the development of offspring and these effects are detectable already in first days of post-natal life and they could be first signs of brain diseases in adult life. Future analysis will be necessary to define the long term effect of advanced paternal age and the mechanism underlying developmental alterations in offspring.
4

Effects of blastomere biopsy of preimplantation embryos on expression of imprinted genes and anxiety - and depression - like behaviours in mice

86%
Sampino S., Zacchini F., Swiergiel A., Modlinski J., Loi P., Ptak G.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2011
|
tom 71
|
nr S
Prenatal developmental period is a critical window, where any perturbation of embryonic/fetal environment can lead to behavioural abnormalities and diseases in adult life, such as depression and stress disorders. The mechanisms underlying long term effects, induced by early perturbation, are not well described, but an epigenetic origin has been suggested. In this work we wanted to investigate whether and how blastomere biopsy on 8-cells stage embryos can have long-term effects on behaviour. One-month-old mice derived from the biopsed embryos were subjected to a battery of behavioural tests. The animals displayed an increased locomotor and exploration activity (p<0.05) and increased anxiety-like behaviour. Interestingly, the depression-like behaviour in the tail suspension test was observed only in female offspring (p<0.001). In addition, to investigate the epigenetic mechanism underlying these behavioural alterations, we analyzed expression of imprinted genes Snrpn, Peg1 and Ube3a in blastocysts obtained after biopsy. These imprinted genes are highly expressed in preimplantation embryos, where their epigenetic programming is defined, and in brain, shaping the behavioural phenotype of offspring. Real-Time PCR analysis revealed significant down-regulation of Peg1 (p<0.05), Snrpn and Ube3a (p<0.01) in blastocysts derived from the biopsed embryos, compared to controls. The results suggest that blastomere biopsy causes an altered expression of imprinted genes in preimplantation embryo. The reduction of expression of these transcripts can cause anxiety- or depression-like behaviours and alteration of locomotory activity in offspring obtained following biopsy of early embryos.
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