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Sensory deprivation elicits alterations in the functional organization of the primary somatosensory cortex. It was shown that plucking out all but one row of whiskers in adult mice evokes broadening of the functional representation of the spared row, as measured with radioactive 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake during passive stimulation of whiskers. We would like to establish whether changes in metabolic activity caused by sensory deprivation are paralleled by changes at genomic levels visualized by immediate early genes immunohistochemistry Exploration of enriched environment is a powerful trigger to induce immediate early genes in the barrel cortex. In this study we show that plasticity of the functional representation of the spared row of whiskers can be estimated by radioactive 2-DG method in animals actively using their whiskers while exploring new environment. Expansion of the spared row representation in the deprived hemisphere reaches 140% of the control (non-deprived) hemisphere after 1 week of deprivation and spreads to whole barrel fi eld after four weeks of deprivation. We also show that induction of some early immediate genes during exploration of new environment is limited to the non-deprived barrels after one day of deprivation. In further course of studies we will perform immunohistochemical reactions for proteins encoded by early immediate genes in brains from animals deprived for 1 or 4 weeks.
Recently, attention has been payed to the role of imidazolines in physiology of the heart. However, no systematic comparative studies were reported regarding the activity of a representative set of specific ligands towards imidazoline receptors in the heart preparations. The aim of this project was to test effects of a set of ligands on the pharmacological function of putative imidazoline receptors in isolated rat heart atria. Known imidazoline drugs with a postulated high affinity to imidazoline I1 receptor: AGN192403, rilmenidine, moxonidine and clonidine were used. The specific ligands of imidazoline I2 receptor: 2-BFI, BU239 and putative natural ligand for imidazoline I1, I2 and I3 receptors, agmatine, were tested also. The spontaneously beating right and left atria, driven electrically, were studied. Dose-response curves for amplitude and rate of the contractions of the atria were produced by administration of increasing doses of the agents. Phentolamine as 1/2 adrenergic receptors blocker and idazoxan as I2/I1/2 receptors blocker were added in order to inhibit ino- and chronotropic effects of the compounds studied. The -log EC50 parameters were calculated. The positive inotropic effect on left atria were evoked with the rank order of potency: agmatine >> clonidine > BU239 > rilmenidine moxonidine and these effects were generally diminished by idazoxan. Moxonidine produced a weak positive inotropic effect potentiated by idazoxan. Rilmenidine and moxonidine were assumed to act as partial agonists of imidazoline I1 receptor. AGN192403 did not change the amplitude of beating of left atria. The positive chronotropic effects on spontaneously beating right heart atria were with in the following order of potency: BU239 agmatine >>> clonidine > AGN192403. Idazoxan markedly antagonized chronotropic effect of both BU239 and agmatine. 2-BFI weakly diminished the rate of beating of atria; moxonidine and rilmenidine had no effect. In conclusion, imidazoline receptors of the I1 subtype may be involved in inotropic reaction of the agents studied, but this effect depends mainly on the 2/1 adrenergic receptors. Engagement of I2 imidazoline receptors, along with the 2 adrenergic ones, in chronotropic activity of isolated right atria of rat has been demonstrated.
Learning is assumed to be connected with neuronal c-fos expression. In this study we investigate whether associative learning involving tactile stimulation of one row of whiskers induced changes in c-fos expression level in neurons within the cortical representation of the stimulated vibrissae. We use transgenic mice in which the expression of green fl uorescent protein (GFP) is controlled by c-fos promoter [Barth et al. (2004) J Neurosci]. This construct allows us to identify individual neurons undergoing plastic changes in acute (living) brain slices using standard fl uorescence imaging. In the trained mice prior to experiments a 3-day sensory stimulation (20 min/day) of row B of whiskers (conditioned stimulus) paired with an electrical shock (unconditioned stimulus) was performed. The second group comprised of untrained animals. Acute slices from the somatosensory cortex (cut orthogonally to the rows of barrels) were prepared after the end of training and investigated using upright fl uorescent microscope. Our preliminary data indicate high variability of fosGFP expression throughout cortical layers. Biggest amount of GFP-labeled cells are observed in layer 2/3 and much smaller in layers VI and V. Sensory training alter amount of fosGFP+ cells in layer 2/3 of barrel B as compared to other barrels with little or no effect in layers IV and V. Supported by the Ministry of Science and Education grant: N30308131/2682.
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