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In Poland, live carp sold at retail are packed either in plastic bags without water or in containers or plastic bags filled with water. The aim of the study was to determine the impact plastic basket inserts in plastic bags without water used to pack live carp had on chosen physiological indicators of fish welfare. Drawing the plastic film away from the carp body through the use of the baskets limited negative changes in the indicators examined (hematocrit, glucose, lactate, and cortisol in the blood serum and muscle reaction), which indicate increased oxygen meatbolism and decreased stress from this type of packaging. Using basket inserts in plastic bags to pack carp sold at retail can improve their welfare.
The aim of this study was to identify the type of genetic determination of orange pigmentation and scale pattern in carp. The parental fish used in the experiment were obtained from crossing two breeding strains, i.e., the Polish Starzawa S strain with scaled phenotype and normal pigmentation and the Hungarian strain C with mirror scale pattern and orange pigmentation. The mating of the two parental pairs resulted in four groups of F1offspring that were reared in ponds. It was observed that the two traits were inherited independently. Two pairs of alleles at two gene loci determined fish pigmentation. The orange fish were double recessive aacc homozygotes. All of the spawners used in the experiment were double heterozygotes with respect to color and scaliness SsnnAaCc.
The effects of heat (40 °C, 1.5 min) and cold (2-4 °C, 60 min) shocks applied within 2nd, 8th, 15, and 30th minute after fertilization on the results of gynogenetic reproduction of common carp were compared. The sperm was inactivated using ultraviolet radiation. The temperature of fertilization and incubation of eggs was 22 °C. Greater numbers of larvae were obtained in the case of the heat shocks (0.3-3.4% of the incubated eggs) than of the cold ones (0-0.4%).
Abstract - 5 protein systems, i.e. transferrin and esterase of blood serum, LHD, SOD, and Hb of blood cells (8 loci), were investigated in four Polish breeding lines of carp, i.e. 2, 3, 6, and St. Polymorphism was found for Tf*, EST-1*, LDH-B1*, and SOD-2* loci. Only line 3 was in a condition of genetic balance with regard to the investigated loci. On the basis of the frequency alleles the homo- and heterozygosity of the lines was calculated. The highest degree of homozygosity was shown by line 3 and the lowest by line 2.
A new packing method for the retail sale of live carp was introduced in 2009. The fish were placed in either containers or plastic bags filled with water. The aim of the study was to determine the impact packaging had on the condition of the fish. The rate at which water oxygen concentration decreased to the minimum was studied in buckets containing carp. This level was exceeded within a 20-minute period at temperatures exceeding 10°C, while in water at about 0°C this took 80 minutes. A second experiment was performed at a temperature below 4°C, and three types of packaging for live carp were tested: unsealed plastic bags; sealed plastic bags; water-filled buckets. Holding the carp in sealed plastic bags prevented gas exchange through the skin and wet gills and caused metabolic changes associated with oxygen deficit. No significant differences were noted with regard to the fish held in buckets with water and unsealed bags during the time periods studied, and the slight changes in the pH of the muscle tissues suggest only slight influence of oxygen deficit processes.
Allele frequency and genetic variability were investigated in four Hungarian breeding lines of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., marked as W, 7, 8, and T. Thirteen loci were identified in separating eigth enzymes and proteins. The Tf*, EST-1*, LDH-B1*, MDH-1*, G6PDH*, and SOD-2* loci manifested polymorphism in all the lines examined. The CPI-2* locus was polymorphous only in line T. The great genetic differentiation observed between the lines was manifested by a wide range of allele frequency. Instability of the genetic balance of all the investigated lines was demonstrated.
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