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The study concerned the determination of the influence of various manufactured mineral-plant additives, based on humic and calcium raw materials and dried herbs, lucerne and glycerol, on the content of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cl and Cu, Fe, Zn in the blood serum of Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens housed in a deep litter system. Five groups (20 hens in each) were formed, and they were fed using a standard mixture (group C) and ones enriched (3% share) in the following preparations: A - herbal-humic, B - humic-herbal, C - humic-lucerne, D - glycerol-humic. Blood for examinations was collected twice; at the peak of the laying period (phase I), and in further stages of laying production (phase II). The applied mineral-plant feed additives did not unequivocally affect the differentiation of the value of blood serum mineral indices; however, the glycerol-humic preparation significantly increased the level of Ca, P in phase I, and Cu, Zn in phase II. Generally, higher contents of Ca, P, Mg, K and Cu, Fe and Zn were noted in phase II of the laying period, when compared to phase I. The results of this study may suggest the acceptance of the following values as initial data for further research on establishing of mineral indices reference values in laying hens’ blood serum. In phase I (peak of the laying period) and in phase II (further stage of laying period) they were: calcium 6.2-7.1 and 7.6-8.3 mmol/l, phosphorus 1.6-2.1 and 1.9-2.2 mmol/l, copper 3.7-5.1 and 5.0-7.1 µmol/l, iron 39-45 and 40-47 µmol/l, and zinc 37-43 and 39-47 µmol/l, respectively. The following values are proposed for the electrolytes during the entire laying period: sodium 147-149 mmol/l, potassium 4.6-5.2 mmol/l, chlorine 115-118 mmol/l.
The biological role of omega-3 acids, a -linolenic (ALA, C18:3 n-3), eicosa- pentaenoic (EPA, C20:5 n-3), docosapentaenoic (DPA, C22:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, C22:6 n-3) in human organism was described. The sources (sea organisms - fish and algae as well as oily plants, mainly linseed) and their possible applications in feeding layer poultry in order to enrich hen yolks with the acids was described. Moreover, the problem of the so called fish-taste and smell as well as the methods of limiting such negative sensory features were discussed.
An influence of various humic-plant feed additives based on some herbs (nettle, chamomile, yarrow, perforatum), lucerne and humic materials on biochemical indices of Lohmann Brown (LB) layers blood plasma was estimated. Hens were housed in deep litter system, 20 birds in a group. Four groups were formed: control (C - standard feeding), and experimental, supplemented with preparations: E-1 herbal-humic, E-2 humic-herbal and E-3 - humic-lucerne. Hens were placed in the pens on the 16th week of life, addition of preparations with standard food mixture started at the 22nd wk and lasted until 66th wk of life. Blood for analyses was collected four times in the following periods: 27, 37, 54 and 65th wk of life. The applied humic-plant preparations to a limited degree affected the values of examined biochemical parameters in serum: total protein (TP), albumins (Albs), glucose (Glu), urea, triacylglycerols (TAG), total cholesterol (TCh), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminot-ransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). It is difficult to determine based on these study, which preparation is one the most active biologically, however is seems that humic-lucerne preparation affected the examined blood parameters to the highest degree. The reference values ranges in hens blood serum LB hens were proposed for: TP (43-65 g/l), Albs (15-22 g/l), urea (0.5-1.2 mmol/l), Glu 10-15 mmol/l), TCh (2.2-4.5 mmol/l), TAG (10-24 mmol/l), AST (4-12 U/l), ALT (150-280 mmol/l) and ALP (190-350 U/l).
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of three different phyto-humic feed preparations on the basic qualitative characteristics of eggs, i.e. total cholesterol content and fatty acid profile of the yolk. The study was carried out on 80 Lohmann Brown (LB) laying hens in an experimental facility with a floor maintenance system on a straw bedding (5 layers/m2). A control group (K) and three experimental ones (A, B, C), with 20 birds in each (in separate pens), were created. The birds were placed in the 16th week of life, while the experimental preparations were introduced in the 22nd week of life and were administered for 43 weeks (constant 3% addition to the feed mixture).The following preparations were applied: humic-peat (H-t) in group A, humic-herbal (H-z) in group B, and humic-lucerne (H-1) in group C. The eggs for the study were collected three times, 30 eggs from each group in the following periods: 1st series – 31st week of life (peak of laying period); 2nd series – 54th week of life (later phase of laying period) and 3rd series – 65th week of life (final phase of laying period). Six samples (mean of 5 well-mixed yolks) from each group in three laying periods (360 eggs were used in total) were prepared for laboratory analyzes (lipids examination). Laboratory analyzes were performed using a chromatograph – Finnigan Focus PolarisQ manufactured by Thermo Electron with capillary columns: HP-88 by Agilent J&W (fatty acids) and Rtx-1MS by Restek (cholesterol). The applied phytohumic preparations – but only those with a share of dried lucerne or herbs – significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced total cholesterol content, especially in group C (10.88 mg/g yolk) compared to group K (11.94 mg/g yolk). All preparations positively influenced the fatty acids profile of yolk; there was a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the concentration of n-3 PUFAs (max 2.84% in the group B), the n-6/n-3 ratio decreased significantly (most beneficial 8.33 in group B), and lipids quality improved: atherogenic index (AI) decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in group A (0.32) and thrombogenic index (TI) was a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower in all experimental groups (0.83 – 0.84) compared to group K (0.36 and 0.87 respectively). Dietary phyto-humic preparations increased the nutritional and dietary value of hen eggs.
We used a mercury analyzer to determine total mercury (Hg) content in samples of plants and animal origin raw materials collected from an area impacted by the copper industry (Legnica-Głogów Copper District). In 2014 and 2015 we analyzed samples of wheat (grain); potatoes (tuber); dry grass (hay); cow milk, hair, and blood; and poultry liver, muscles, and eggs from 14 villages. Generally, no increased Hg concentrations in the analyzed samples were found. There were no significant differences between the examined years. The highest content of Hg was found in grass (hay) and cow’s hair. There was a many-fold decrease of mercury concentrations in cereals, cow milk, and poultry (eggs, muscles, liver) in comparison to previous studies (2002-07), which indirectly proves that the environmental efforts led by local authorities and industry have been effective.
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