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The aim of the research was to monitor the influence of neonatal thymectomy on the reactivity of chicken spleen structures. The investigations were carried out on chickens with the thymus removed on the 1st day after hatching and with antigen administered in the form of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) at the age of 12 weeks. On days 6, 14 and 21 after antigen administration the spleen was taken out and histological slides were prepared. On the established area of HE slides germinal centres were counted and mature centres of type I and immature ones of type II were distinguished. Reaction to the acid phosphatase (APh) was done by the Gomori method. The results of the reaction was read on the established area within the periarterial lymphatic tissue (PAL) using the Thomson point method. It was found that neonatal thymectomy leads to a decrease in the number of germinal centres and simultaneously to the reduction of the intensity of APh reaction within the spleen PAL. Following immunization of the thymectomized chickens, in comparison to the control (group) a change of kinetics of germinal centers formation was discovered, mainly of type I. It was ascertained that in the succeeding days after the antigen administration the intensity of APh reaction within PAL was directly proportional to the number of immature germinal centres of type II. The results demonstrated a distinct association between the bursodependent and thymodependent spleen structures reactivity and confirmed the importance of the functional state of the thymus.
With respect to the atmospheric budget of molecular hydrogen (H₂), Kraków represents a typical central European urban agglomeration with intense traffic and a relatively high proportion of low-level emissions associated with burning of fossil fuel (mainly coal and gas) for heating. The vehicle fleet in the city still contains a relatively high fraction of cars without properly operating catalysts, which constitutes a considerable source of atmospheric hydrogen. The mixing ratios of hydrogen in near-ground atmosphere were measured quasi-continuously over two years (from 01.2007 till 12.2008) at two different locations within the urban area of Kraków: close to the city center and at the outskirts of the city. Although both measurement locations were under the influence of local traffic, they differ with respect to the structure of local terrain (proportions of buildings, roads, and area covered by vegetation), as well as by local micrometeorological conditions. A very wide range of H₂ mixing ratios was observed at both sites, with peak mixing ratios reaching 2,800 ppb. Distinct seasonality of H₂ mixing ratios was observed, with higher values recorded during winter months. Also, distinct daily variations of H₂ levels often were observed, with morning and evening H₂ maxima associated with traffic rush hours. Diurnal variation of hydrogen concentrations at both locations differs seasonally due to different micrometeorological conditions and source patterns, including car traffic intensity.
Биопотенциалы сетки и рубца записывали с по­верхности тела овец при помощи электрокардиогра­фа Mullltlibaind Е-30. Опыты провели у голодных, средне наевшихся и наевшихся животных, а так­же во время еды и жвачки. Анализ полученных электромиограмм показал, что записывая потен­циалы функций сетки и рубца, можно точно опре­делить типы сеточно-рубцовых циклов у овец.
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