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1

Assessment of mineral and organic fertilization impact on selected physicochemical properties of soil

100%

Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

|

2008

|

tom 41

|

nr 1

81-95

The assessment of fertilization impact on selected soil properties was made in a pot experiment in 2003-2005. The research was conducted on loamy sand, sandy silt loam and medium silt loam. Two sewage sludges from municipal mechanical-biological sewage treatment plants and compost produced of plant wastes were used for the experiment. Mineral fertilization caused the greatest changes of soil reaction. Smaller doses of organic materials reduced soil acidification. The value of electroconductivity raised most in effect of applied fertilization (after the first year of investigations) in the soil with the lightest texture. Greater diversification in the soils from organic treatments resulted rather from the applied dose than from the kind of fertilizer. Fertilization did not cause any major changes in the soil soprtion capacity. Organic carbon content in soils did not change significantly following the application of sewage sludges and compost in comparison with farmyard manure treatment. The content of zinc and manganese mobile forms increased in all treatments after three years. No similar changes were found for cadmium; its contents were similar after the first and third year. A considerable sulphur load supplied to the soils through organic treatment, particularly with sewage sludges and farmyard manure was reflected in the increased content of sulphate sulphur in the soils. After three-year period of investigations the tendency for the highest concentrations of sulphate sulphur in soils (particularly in light and heavy ones) fertilized with sewage sludges was maintained. The increase in this component content in soil after farmyard manure fertilization proved short lived.

2

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Yield and selected indices of grain quality in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on fertilization

100%

Gondek K.

Journal of Elementology

|

2013

|

tom 18

|

nr 4

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of fertilization with manure, compost from biodegradable waste, and municipal sewage sludge on the yield and certain indices of grain quality in spring wheat in comparison to fertilization with mineral fertilizers. The research was conducted as a three-year field experiment. The limited access of plants to nutrients (mainly nitrogen) introduced with waste organic materials and with manure strongly affected the crop yield and its quality, particularly in the first year of the research. The residual effect of fertilization with pig manure and compost from biodegradable waste on the spring wheat grain yield was much better than that of fertilization with municipal sewage sludge. Fertilization with waste organic materials, in doses based on plant requirements for nutrients, did not lead to a decrease in the biological value of yield. Irrespective of the applied fertilization, copper and manganese were the microelements that limited the fodder value of spring wheat grain, whereas the quality of protein was determined by the content of lysine.

3

Ratowanie biorożnorodności

100%

Gondek K.

Przegląd Techniczny

|

1992

|

nr 29

9-10

4

Zinc content in maize [Zea mays L.] and soils fertilized with sewage sludge and sewage sludge mixed with peat

100%

Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

|

2009

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tom 18

|

nr 3

359-368

This research aimed to assess the effect of fertilization with sewage sludge and their mixtures with peat on maize biomass yield and its zinc concentrations, as well as Zn contents in soils with various textures. The research was conducted as a two-factor (soil and fertilization), three-year pot experiment (2003-05). The soil material used for the experiment revealed the texture of weakly loamy sand (Soil I), sandy silt loam (Soil II) and medium silt loam (Soil III). The sewage sludge originated from two different municipal mechanic and biological treatment plants. The mixtures of sewage sludges with peat were prepared by mixing the organic material in weight ratio 1:1 in conversion to dry matter. Under the experimental conditions fertilization with sewage sludges and sludge mixtures with peat affected maize biomass yield more positively than fertilization with mineral salts. The smallest yield of biomass, irrespective of applied fertilization, was obtained when maize was cultivated in weakly loamy sand (Soil I). In comparison with organic materials and farmyard manure supplied to the soil, the greatest quantities of zinc were assessed in maize fertilized with mineral salts, irrespective of soil type. Sewage sludge mixtures with peat, as compared with sewage sludge used separately, affected maize biomass yields slightly better but had a similar effect on zinc concentrations in the plant biomass. The least of zinc mobile forms were determined in medium silt loam (Soil III). Following the application of organic materials but irrespective of the soil, the content of mobile zinc forms was significantly smaller than the content assessed in the soils from mineral salt treatments.

5

Akumulacja metali ciezkich w owsie nawozonym kompostami

100%

Gondek K.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2007

|

tom 10

|

nr 1[151]

89-102

6

Cadmium and lead content in oat soil fertilized with composts

100%

Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

|

2008

|

tom 23

|

nr 4

740-753

Application of waste substances in agriculture, even after their processing involves various kinds of hazards, among others concerning supply of heavy metal load to the soil environment. Therefore, the investigations aimed at determining the effect of composts of various origin on bioavailability of cadmium and lead in soil and their concentrations in oat. Applied fertilization, irrespectively of the kind of compost, caused an excessive cadmium accumulation in oat aboveground parts. Plants accumulated the largest quantities of the studied metals in their roots system. After a three-year period of research a considerable increase in the content of bioavailable cadmium forms in soil was found, whereas the content of bioavailable lead forms underwent only slight changes. The conducted investigations revealed a progressive soil acidification process, which may condition increasing bioavailability of the studied heavy metals.

7

Wpływ nawożenia na zawartość mobilnych form wybranych mikroelementów w glebie oraz ich wymywanie w doświadczeniu wazonowym

100%

Gondek K.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2009

|

tom 13

|

nr 1[166]

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu zastosowanego nawożenia mineralnego, odpadem po produkcji siarczanu magnezu oraz wapnowania na zawartość wybranych mikroelementów w odciekach glebowych. Badania prowadzono w 3 letnim okresie (2004-2006), w wazonach wyposażonych w system do odprowadzania odcieków glebowych, mieszczących 22 kg powietrznie suchego materiału glebowego. W glebie nie wapnowanej zawartość mobilnych form miedzi, cynku i manganu była większa. Wapnowanie zmniejszyło zawartość mobilnych form badanych mikroelementów oraz spowolniło proces zakwaszenia gleby. Spośród badanych pierwiastków w największych ilościach, zarówno z gleby nie wapnowanej jak i wapnowanej wymywany był cynk, a najmniej w odciekach glebowych oznaczono miedzi. W warunkach przeprowadzonych badań istotny wpływ na wymywanie badanych mikroelementów miał odczyn gleby, a wapnowanie na ogół istotnie zmniejszyło zawartość, miedzi, cynku i manganu w odciekach glebowych.

8

Assessment of the influence of sewage sludge fertilization on yield and content of nitrogen and sulphur in maize [Zea mays L.]

100%

Gondek K.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

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nr 1

65-79

The effect of sewage sludge fertilization on nitrogen and sulphur content in maize was assessed in a pot experiment conducted in 2003-2005. The experimental design comprised the following treatments in four replications on three soils: treatment without fertilizer — (0); mineral fertilization — (NPK); farmyard manure — (FYM); sewage sludge A — (SSA); a mixture of sewage sludge A with peat — (MSSA); sewage sludge B — (SSB) and a mixture of sewage sludge B with peat — (MSSB). The tests were conducted on weakly loamy sand (SI), sandy silt loam (SII) and medium silt loam (SIII), which were collected from the arable layer (0-20 cm) of ploughed land in the vicinity of Krakow. Sewage sludge which originated from two municipal mechanical and biological wastewater treatment plants, and their mixtures with peat (the materials were mixed in a 1:1 weight ratio in conversion to dry mass of organic matter) were used in the experiment. After wet mineralization of maize biomass in concentrated sulphuric acid, nitrogen was determined using Kjeldahl method in a Kjeltec II Plus apparatus. Sulphur was assessed after material mineralization in a concentrated nitric acid using the ICP—AES method in a JY 238 Ultrace apparatus. Fertilization with sewage sludge and sludge mixture with peat acted significantly better (as noted during the three-year experimental period) on maize yields than fertilization with mineral salts. In comparison with organic material and farmyard manure applied to soil, fertilization with mineral salts significantly increased nitrogen content in maize biomass. Sulphur content grew markedly in maize biomass fertilized with sewage sludge in comparison with the concentration of this element assessed in plants treated with farmyard manure. Values of the N:S ratio in aerial parts of maize from organic material treatments was within the optimal value range. The widest N:S ratio was assessed in the aerial parts and roots of maize receiving mineral fertilizers (NPK).

9

Ocena wpływu siarki wprowadzonej do gleby z nawożeniem mineralnym oraz odpadem po produkcji siarczanu magnezu na jej zawartość w pszenicy jarej (Triticum aestivum L.)

100%

Gondek K.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 2[178]

Doświadczenie wazonowe prowadzone w dwóch seriach, niewapnowanej (0 Ca) i wapnowanej (+ Ca) obejmowało 6 obiektów: 0 – gleba bez nawożenia, NPK – gleba nawożona azotem, fosforem i potasem, NPK + S1 s.a. – gleba nawożona azotem, fosforem, potasem i siarką wprowadzoną z siarczanem amonu, NPK + S1 o. – gleba nawożona azotem, fosforem, potasem oraz siarką, którą wprowadzono z odpadem po produkcji siarczanu magnezu oraz NPK + S3 s.a. – gleba nawożona azotem, fosforem, potasem i siarką wprowadzoną w formie siarczanu amonu, w dawce 3-krotnie większej od wprowadzonej do gleby w obiektach NPK + S1 s.a. i NPK + S1 o. W każdym roku doświadczenia uprawiano pszenicę jarą. W uzyskanych roztworach po mineralizacji materiału roślinnego zawartość siarki oznaczono metodą ICPAES na aparacie JY 238 Ultrace. Średni (dla trzech lat) sumaryczny plon biomasy pszenicy jarej (ziarno, słoma, korzenie), przy porównywalnych wartościach błędu standardowego średniej arytmetycznej dla poszczególnych obiektów był największy po zastosowaniu siarki w formie siarczanu amonu. W porównaniu do plonu biomasy z obiektów, w których zastosowano mniejszą dawkę siarki, zarówno wprowadzonej z siarczanem amonu, jak również z odpadem po produkcji siarczanu magnezu, mniejszy plon biomasy uzyskano w obiekcie, w którym siarkę zastosowano w dawce trzykrotnie większej. Średnia arytmetyczna ważona zawartość siarki w ziarnie, słomie i korzeniach pszenicy nawożonej siarką była istotnie większa od zawartości oznaczonej w biomasie pszenicy nienawożonej tym pierwiastkiem. Zwiększenie dawki siarki nie spowodowało istotnych różnic w zawartości tego pierwiastka w biomasie pszenicy.

10

Yield and selected indices of grain quality in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on fertilization

100%

Gondek K.

Journal of Elementology

|

2014

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of fertilization with manure, compost from biodegradable waste and municipal sewage sludge on the yield and certain indices of grain quality in spring wheat in comparison to fertilization with mineral fertilizers. The research was conducted as a three-year field experiment. The limited access of plants to nutrients (mainly nitrogen) introduced with waste organic materials and with manure strongly affected the crop yield and its quality, particularly in the first year of the research. A much better residual of fertilization with pig manure and compost from biodegradable waste on the spring wheat grain yield was observed in comparison to fertilization with municipal sewage sludge. Fertilization with waste organic materials, in doses based on plant requirements for nutrients, did not lead to a decrease in the biological value of yield. Irrespective of the applied fertilization, copper and manganese were the microelements that limited the fodder value of spring wheat grain, whereas the quality of protein was determined by the content of lysine.

11

Oddzialywanie nawozenia mineralnego, obornikiem i osadem garbarskim na niektore wlasciwosci gleby i rozpuszczalnosc metali ciezkich

100%

Gondek K.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2003

|

tom 84

63-74

12

Aspekty nawozowe i srodowiskowe przemian i dostepnosci dla roslin wybranych pierwiastkow w warunkach nawozenia roznymi materialami organicznymi

100%

Gondek K.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Rolniczego w Krakowie. Rozprawy

|

2009

|

nr 329

1-164

13

Bioakumulacja metali ciezkich z kompostow i wermikompostow z osadow garbarskich

100%

Gondek K.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2003

|

tom 02

|

nr 1

37-50

14

Effect of fertilization with farmyard manure, municipal sewage sludge and compost from biodegradable waste on yield and mineral composition of spring wheat grain

100%

Gondek K.

Journal of Elementology

|

2012

|

tom 17

|

nr 2

Both deficiency and excess of mineral components in cereal grain may impair its biological value, later interfering with the metabolic processes occurring in animal and human organisms. Potential accumulation of undesirable components in biomass should be taken into consideration since such compounds occur in large amounts in waste material. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the effect of waste-based fertilizers on both the amount of generated biomass and its chemical composition. The present investigations were conducted to determine the effect of fertilization with farmyard manure, municipal sewage sludge and compost from biodegradable materials on the yield and mineral composition of spring wheat grain. The field investigations ran for three years. Nitrogen in wheat grain was assessed using Kjeldahl’s method, phosphorus by colorimetry, sulphur, copper, manganese and zinc by the ICP-AES method, and potassium, magnesium and sodium by flame photogrammetry. In the first year, organic fertilizers were observed to be less stimulating to yield formation than mineral fertilizers. Although the uptake of N, P and K from the applied organic fertilizers was impeded, their deficiency in wheat grain was preventable by balancing doses of these components. Despite different amounts of magnesium, sodium and sulphur applied to the soil with the fertilizers, the concentrations of these elements in grain were considerably stable in the years of the investigations. Copper and manganese concentrations in wheat grain were deficient, which significantly depressed grain fodder value and might indirectly determine the crop yield.

15

Content of cadmium in maize [Zea mays L.] and soils fertilized with sewage sludges and mixtures of sewage sludge and peat

100%

Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

|

2009

|

tom 24

|

nr 3

146-157

The investigations aimed at an assessment of treatment with sewage sludges and mixtures of sewage sludge and peat effect on cadmium content in maize and soils with diversified texture. The research was conducted in conditions of pot experiment. Fertilization with sewage sludge and sludge mixtures with peat had a more beneficial effect on maize yields than treatment with mineral salts. As compared to fertilization with mineral salts, organic fertilizers applied to the soil did not increase cadmium concentrations in maize biomass. Soil pH affected cadmium mobility more than applied sewage sludge.Mixtures of sewage sludge and peat (in comparison to sewage sludge as such) slightly better influenced maize biomass yield and had a comparably cadmium content in plant biomass.

16

Zinc and cadmium accumulation in maize [Zea mays L.] and the concentration of mobile forms of these metals in soil after application of farmyard manure and sewage sludge

100%

Gondek K.

Journal of Elementology

|

2010

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

639-652

The total content of heavy metals in soil does not indicate bioavailability of these elements after introduction of sewage sludge to soil. Determination of the rate of heavy metal mobilization from sewage sludge after its application to soil is very important for agricultural practice since it allows us to asses the rate at which these elements pass into the soil solution, which conditions their uptake by plants. This research has been conducted to assess the effect of farmyard manure and sewage sludge fertilization on the amounts of zinc and cadmium absorbed by maize and the content of their mobile forms in soil. The research consisted of a three-year pot experiment. Farmyard manure and sewage sludge fertilization resulted in larger total yields of maize biomass (for the 3-year period of the investigations) than harvested from the treatments where only mineral compounds were used as fertilizers. Irrespectively of the fertilizer dose, the total (for 3 years) amounts of zinc and cadmium absorbed by maize were the highest in the treatments where only mineral salts were added and Zn and Cd quantities taken up by maize in the first year of the experiment contributed to this result. Fertilization with farmyard manure and sewage sludge did not cause any significant mobilization of mobile zinc and cadmium forms in soil after the first year of the research. As a result of organic matter mineralization and progressing soil acidification, in the second and third year of the research, the content of mobile forms of the elements in soil increased, although to a lesser degree than under the influence of exclusively mineral treatment.

17

Wpływ nawożenia nawozami mineralnymi, obornikiem od trzody chlewnej i komunalnymi osadami ściekowymi na plon i niektóre wskaźniki jakości ziarna pszenicy jarej (Triticum aestivum L.)

100%

Gondek K.

Acta Agrophysica

|

2012

|

tom 19

|

nr 2

Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena wpływu nawożenia nawozami mineralnymi, obornikiem od trzody chlewnej i komunalnymi osadami ściekowymi na plon i niektóre wskaźniki jakości ziarna pszenicy jarej. Badania prowadzone były w warunkach doświadczenia polowego przez 3 lata. W badaniach, oprócz plonu suchej masy ziarna oraz masy tysiąca ziaren, określano zawartość azotu ogólnego, białka ogólnego, siarki, a także zawartość cysteiny, metioniny i lizyny. W przeprowadzonych badaniach wykazano mniejszy wpływ na plon ziarna pszenicy nawożenia osadem ściekowym z oczyszczalni biologicznej oraz obornikiem, natomiast nawożenie osa-dem z oczyszczalni mechaniczno-biologicznej przyczyniło się do uzyskania plonu istotnie większego, porównywalnego z ilością ziarna, jaką uzyskano w obiekcie, w którym zastosowano wyłącznie nawożenie nawozami mineralnymi. Istotnie lepiej wypełnione było ziarno pszenicy z obiektu, w którym zastosowano komunalny osad ściekowy z oczyszczalni mechaniczno-biologicznej. Nie stwierdzono istotnych różnic w zawartości azotu i siarki w ziarnie pszenicy nawożonej azotem, fosforem i potasem w formie nawozów mineralnych, a zawartością tego pierwiastka w ziarnie pszenicy z obiektów, w których do nawożenia zastosowano obornik lub komunalne osady ściekowe. Stosowanie osadów ściekowych w umiarkowanych dawkach zgodnych z zapotrzebowaniem roślin na składniki pokarmowe nie spowodowało pogorszenia wartości biologicznej plonu.

18

Content of carbon, nitrogen and selected heavy metals in composts

100%

Gondek K.

Journal of Elementology

|

2007

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

Chemical composition of composts depends on a number of factors, including a type of composted waste and composting technology. This study was conducted to determine concentrations of carbon, nitrogen and selected heavy metals in composts manufactured from various waste substances and using different technologies. Organic carbon content in the composts depended on a type of composted waste - the smallest quantities were found in the compost of municipal waste. Organic matter transformations occurring during composting probably led to a systematic decline of the soluble organic compound amounts. The share of soluble carbon in the total concentration did not exceed 35% of the analysed composts. The composts based on plant waste were more abundant in nitrogen and the share of nitrogen extracted with sodium pyrophosphate and sodium base did not exceed 40%. Analysis of fractional composition of humus compounds of the composts revealed higher content of humic acid carbon in relation to fulvic acid carbon. The proportion of non-hydrolysing carbon in these materials was on average over 70%. The content of the most mobile heavy metal forms in the composts was low and implied that these elements occurred in a form less available to plants.

19

Fractional composition of humus compounds in soil with added composts and vermicomposts of tannery sludge

100%

Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

|

2002

|

tom 35

|

nr 2

20

Development of some soil properties under the influence of fertilization with composts and vermicomposts of tannery sludge

100%

Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Soil Science

|

2002

|

tom 35

|

nr 1

A pot experiment was carried out in 1996-1999 in which compost and vermicompost were prepared from a combination of untreated organic sludge from a mechanical and biological tannery sludge treatment plant with wheat straw and fruit tree leaves before proceeding to combine the untreated chemical sludge with these pre-prepared composts and vermicomposts and added wheat straw. Comparative fertilization was then applied with farmyard manure and mineral NPK. The organic materials applied for the treatment affected an increase in pH value and a decrease in hydrolytic acidity. The scale of the changes depended on the kind of used materials. Although composts and vermicomposts used for the treatment did not directly affect an increase in soil organic C content, it stabilised this feature value in a similar manner to farmyard manure treatment. Fertilization with untreated sludge lowered organic C content in a similar manner to the mineral treatment. Organic fertilization did not alter the total nitrogen content of the soil. The positive effects of tannery organic material application included an increased amount of phosphorus available to plants, whereas the treatment negatively affected the contents of assimilable forms of potassium.

Ograniczanie wyników

Assessment of mineral and organic fertilization impact on selected physicochemical properties of soil

Yield and selected indices of grain quality in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on fertilization

Ratowanie biorożnorodności

Zinc content in maize [Zea mays L.] and soils fertilized with sewage sludge and sewage sludge mixed with peat

Akumulacja metali ciezkich w owsie nawozonym kompostami

Cadmium and lead content in oat soil fertilized with composts

Wpływ nawożenia na zawartość mobilnych form wybranych mikroelementów w glebie oraz ich wymywanie w doświadczeniu wazonowym

Assessment of the influence of sewage sludge fertilization on yield and content of nitrogen and sulphur in maize [Zea mays L.]

Ocena wpływu siarki wprowadzonej do gleby z nawożeniem mineralnym oraz odpadem po produkcji siarczanu magnezu na jej zawartość w pszenicy jarej (Triticum aestivum L.)

Yield and selected indices of grain quality in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) depending on fertilization

Oddzialywanie nawozenia mineralnego, obornikiem i osadem garbarskim na niektore wlasciwosci gleby i rozpuszczalnosc metali ciezkich

Aspekty nawozowe i srodowiskowe przemian i dostepnosci dla roslin wybranych pierwiastkow w warunkach nawozenia roznymi materialami organicznymi

Bioakumulacja metali ciezkich z kompostow i wermikompostow z osadow garbarskich

Effect of fertilization with farmyard manure, municipal sewage sludge and compost from biodegradable waste on yield and mineral composition of spring wheat grain

Content of cadmium in maize [Zea mays L.] and soils fertilized with sewage sludges and mixtures of sewage sludge and peat

Zinc and cadmium accumulation in maize [Zea mays L.] and the concentration of mobile forms of these metals in soil after application of farmyard manure and sewage sludge

Wpływ nawożenia nawozami mineralnymi, obornikiem od trzody chlewnej i komunalnymi osadami ściekowymi na plon i niektóre wskaźniki jakości ziarna pszenicy jarej (Triticum aestivum L.)

Content of carbon, nitrogen and selected heavy metals in composts

Fractional composition of humus compounds in soil with added composts and vermicomposts of tannery sludge

Development of some soil properties under the influence of fertilization with composts and vermicomposts of tannery sludge