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UV-C irradiation treatment has been demonstrated to be able to enhance chilling tolerance in peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) during postharvest cold storage. Sugar and organic acid play central roles in plant metabolism. However, little is known about the relationships among chilling injury, soluble sugar and organic acid in peaches subjected to UV-C. In this study, peaches were irradiated with UV-C (1.5 kJ/m²) and then stored at 1 °C for 35 days. The content of sugar and organic acid, activities of enzymes, and the expression of enzyme genes that catalyze the metabolism of sugar and acid were evaluated. Results showed that UV-C significantly alleviated chilling injury and maintained the quality of peaches during storage. For sugar metabolism, UV-C suppressed sucrose degradation and glucose production mostly by inhibiting the enzyme activity and mRNA transcription of invertase (β-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.26) during the cold storage. For organic acid metabolism, UV-C irradiation downregulated the enzyme activities and gene expressions of aconitase (citrate hydrolyase; EC 4.2.1.3), and NADP-malic enzyme (S-malate: NADP-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.40), but upregulated the enzyme activities and gene expressions of citrate synthase (acetyl-CoA: oxaloacetate C-acetyltransferase; EC 2.3.3.1) and NAD-malate dehydrogenase (L-malate: NAD-oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.37), leading to the low degradation of citric and malic acids during the whole storage periods. These results suggest that UV-C enhanced chilling tolerance in peach fruit during cold storage by suppressing the degradations of sucrose, citric, and malic acids.
The study pays attention to disturbances in early successional communities of wetland vegetation. We conducted artificial disturbances in a community of Suaeda salsa and Phragmites australis in the Yellow River Delta (China). Eight types of disturbances combining mowing treatments with species treatments were applied. Removal of the standing litters of P. australis or not was defined as mowing treatments, and removal of two species solo or both was defined as species treatments. We sampled 80 quadrats from the treatments plots at different intervals after the disturbance to investigate plant height, abundance, aboveground biomass, the distance between plants to reflect the effect of disturbance on composition, structure, productivity, and function of the plant communities. The strategies of seedling emergence and height growth differed as the canopy changed. Biomass contribution of different species, combined with disturbance intensity, was the main factors that affected the productivity. Homogeneity of disturbance was better for maintaining the functions of plant community in compared with the competitiveness (C), stress-tolerance (S) and ruderality (C-S-R) signatures with the control. Facilitations were reflected by the stagger arrangements in relative growth rates of the two species and in plant-plant interactions calculated by a modified function of competition. Adapting to symmetric disturbance and developing facilitative interactions are important requirements for early succession terrestrial vegetation to establish and stabilize in the seriously saline environments of wetlands.
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