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1

Assessing environmental information disclosures and the effects of Chinese nonferrous metal companies

100%
Li D., Xin L., Sun Y., Huang M., Ren S.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2016
|
tom 25
|
nr 2
Corporate environmental information disclosures (EIDs) are important policy tools for environmental protection. This paper assesses and longitudinally examines EID changes in Chinese listed nonferrous metal companies from 2008 to 2012 through their annual, social responsibility, environmental, and sustainability reports. Using content analysis and multivariate regression methods, we fi nd a signifi cant increase in the quantity and quality of corporate EIDs post-2010, though the overall level is still not high. Company size, profi tability, and government regulation signifi cantly and positively affect EID. In addition, we fi nd that state-owned enterprises are more likely to disclose environmental information than private ones.
2

High-efficiency and stable genetic transformation of pear (Pyrus communis L.) leaf segments and regeneration of transgenic plants

86%
Sun Q., Zhao Y., Sun H., Hammond R. W., Davis R. E., Xin L.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2011
|
tom 33
|
nr 2
Pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a nutrient-dense fruit with strong consumer demand and high commercial value. However, most cultivated pear varieties are often susceptible to diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The purpose of the present study was to establish an efficient genetic transformation and regeneration protocol, paving the way for genetic engineering of pear cultivars with enhanced disease resistance. Major factors that influence transformation and regeneration were examined and optimal conditions were established for efficient transformation from leaf explants of ‘Old Home’, a valuable pear interstem and rootstock. High transformation efficiency was achieved largely due to an improved infection/transformation induction strategy. Co-cultivation of Agrobacterium cells and leaf segments on a liquid induction medium yielded a fivefold increase in transformation frequency. Southern hybridization analysis revealed presence of reporter gene uidA in the genomic DNA samples from independent transgenic plants, confirming the integration of the transgene in recipient pear genomes. The stability of T-DNA integration was evaluated by the consistent presence of the Km selectable marker and the expression pattern of the introduced reporter gene uidA was analyzed by GUS histochemical assay.
3

Short‑term exposure to high‑intensity sound induces hearing loss and apoptosis in guinea pigs

86%
Liu Y., Wang H., Liu Z., Gu Y., Xin L., Liu J., Fan H.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
|
2019
|
tom 79
|
nr 2
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of short-term high-intensity sound exposure on guinea pigs to mimic the effects of non-lethal anti-riot weapons. A total of 92 male adult guinea pigs were exposed to high-intensity sound at 0 dB, 110 dB and 130 dB for 5 min. Basic clinical observation, repellent behaviour detection, peripheral blood routine examination, serum cortisol detection and hearing ability assessment were performed to analyse the functional changes after high intensity sound exposure. Meanwhile, routine haematoxylin and eosin staining, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the structure of the cochlear tissue. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the tissue changes, the levels of apoptosis and caspase 3, 8 and 9 were detected using TUNEL staining and immunohistochemistry. After short-term exposure to high-intensity sound, the guinea pigs exhibited fear and agitation, increased repulsive behaviour, high serum cortisol and an increase in auditory threshold. The inner hair cells and outer hair cells exhibited degeneration. In addition, apoptosis was observed in the cochlear tissue. After short-term exposure to high-intensity sound, the guinea pigs exhibited not only stress reactions but also impaired hearing and signs of hair cell degeneration. Apoptosis in the cochlear tissue may play an important role in the functional and structural injuries caused by high-intensity sound.
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