Golden root (Rhodiola rosea L.) is a valuable medicinal plant that naturally grows in mountains of many parts of the world, including Carpathian Mountains. In the rhizome it accumulates the secondary metabolites that have been shown to possess different medical activities and valuable adaptogens effects. The interest in Rhodiola is focused on the phenylpropanoids (cinnamic alcohol and its glycosides – rosavin, rosarin and rosin), phenolic compounds (salidroside, p-tyrosol), flavolignans (rhodiolin) and terpenes. Also, practical interest is paid to other groups of chemical compounds (volatiles, terpenes etc.). Sensitive RP-HPLC methods were developed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites in Rhodiola rosea plants. Chromatographic data was acquired using photodiode array (PDA) detection. While analyzing the extracts from the Carpathian rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea L. we were able to reveal the complex spectrum of secondary metabolites including phenylpropanoids, monoterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins and organic acids. The structure of some compounds was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and infrared analysis (IR). It is also important to point that essential oils from these rhizomes also contained compounds characteristic for Rhodiola rosea. Therefore, this quantitative and qualitative applicability of the methods offers efficient and reliable means for the evaluation of Rhodiola rosea L. and products thereof.
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