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Background. Properly balanced diet is especially important in the case of young athletes, as it influences not only their physical development, but also influences results obtained during trainings and competitions. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess the choice of food products and the energy value of diets of female middleand long-distance runners, depending on the self-assessment of their nutritional habits. Material and methods. The study was conducted in the group of 40 female middle- and long-distance runners, aged 15-25, who declared average diet (n=15, 37.5%) or outstanding diet (n=25, 62.5%). Participants conducted three-day dietary record of the consumed dishes and drunk beverages, that was based on the self-reported data. The choice of products, the energy value of diets as well as macronutrients intake were compared depending on the self-assessment of the nutritional habits. Results. Runners declaring outstanding diet were characterized by significantly lower intake of dairy beverages, than runners declaring average diet (p=0.0459), but simultaneously, by higher intake of mushrooms (p=0.0453). No difference of energy value of diets was stated between groups of runners depending on the self-assessment of their nutritional habits. Runners declaring outstanding diet were characterized by significantly lower intake of lactose, than runners declaring average diet (p=0.0119), but simultaneously, by higher intake of cholesterol (p=0.0307). Conclusions. The female middle- and long-distance runners analysed in the presented study do not assess the quality of their diet reliably, so they probably do not have the sufficient nutritional knowledge. There is a need to implement nutritional education among professional runners and their coaches, in order to improve the quality of diet of professional runners and, as a results maybe also to improve their sport results.
Background. In case of many individuals, decrease of body mass is observed during aging, that is often in elderly living in nursing homes. It is especially important for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), when decrease of body mass, resulting in malnutrition. Objective. The aim of the study was the assessment of the quality of diet of AD individuals living at homes and in nursing homes, in comparison with a control group Material and methods. In the study participated 160 individuals with and without AD, living at home or in nursing homes. Assessment of diet of individuals living at homes was based on self-reported data from one-day dietary recall. Assessment of diet of individuals living in nursing homes was based on one-day menu from nursing homes accompanied by information about snacking between meals. The diets were assessed on the basis of qualitative meal classification method of Bielińska and Kulesza. Results. Individuals living in nursing homes consumed meals more often than living at homes, while AD did not have any impact on it. Individuals consuming fruits and vegetables not often enough were in all the groups, however, in case of individuals living at homes it was serious problem. Consuming animal products to almost all main meals was observed in case of many individuals in all analyzed groups. Composition of majority of main meals and small amount of lunches and afternoon snacks was rational. Conclusions. Improperly balanced diet following observed not only in a group of AD individuals but also of ones without dementia (both living at homes and in nursing homes), may result in dietary deficiencies.
Background. The proper nutrition in diabetes is one of the crucial elements of therapy, but in practice, diet of diabetic individuals is commonly improperly balanced, that is associated with lack of nutritional knowledge. The nurses are also often characterized by insufficient knowledge about diabetes diet therapy and poor nutritional behaviors. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze of the declared nutritional behaviors in a group of diabetology nurses and to compare it with declared nutritional behaviors of the control group. Material and Methods. The group of 52 nurses recruited from all the regions of Poland working with diabetic patients was analysed and compared with control group of 63 individuals – random non-diabetic patients from all the regions of Poland. They were asked about accomplishing practical recommended nutritional goals for adults in Poland and were able to indicate if they follow detailed recommended nutritional goals “always” (3 points), “sometimes” (1 point) or “never” (0 points). Results. The diabetology nurses rarely declared fish and legumes intake (never or sometimes accomplishing goal: 87%), milk and dairy products intake (75%), as well as moderate sugar and sweets intake (69%). Nurses significantly rarer than control group declared regularity of meals (p=0.0000) and diversion of meals (p=0.0000). The lack of correlation between number of years of working with diabetic individuals and number of obtained points during assessment of nutritional be­haviors was observed. Conclusions. The nutritional behaviors of diabetology nurses are not good, even if they educate diabetic patients on daily basis. Nutritional education should be conducted not only in groups of diabetic patients, but also, in groups of diabetology nurses.
Celem pracy było przedstawienie systemów klasyfikacji mięsa wołowego w kontekście przychodu z produkcji mięsa o wysokiej i powtarzalnej jakości. Zakres obejmował analizę danych dotyczących systemów klasyfikacji tusz i możliwości prognozowania jakości mięsa w oparciu o tę klasyfikację. Przedstawiony został obowiązujący w Polsce wspólnotowy system klasyfikacji tusz wołowych (S)EUROP, który odnosi się do klas uformowania i otłuszczenia. Nie pozwala on na precyzyjne przewidywanie jakości mięsa. W Australii stwierdzono, że kruchość w sensorycznej ocenie mięsa wołowego odpowiada za 40% ogólnej oceny jakości. Zawartość tłuszczu śródmięśniowego (marmurkowatość), ma wpływ zarówno na kruchość mięsa, jak i smakowitość oraz soczystość. Dlatego zaprezentowano systemy klasyfikacji stosowane w USA, Japonii i Australii, w których do oceny jakości mięsa wołowego jest brany pod uwagę poziom marmurkowatości, co pozwala na lepsze przewidywanie jakości sensorycznej mięsa wołowego. Konsumenci na świecie są w stanie płacić więcej za mięso o określonej klasie jakości pod warunkiem jej gwarancji.
Background. About 10-20% of children and adolescents worldwide experience a mental health problems, while among the factors which may be preventive, there is a diet, especially fruit and vegetables intake. Objective. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the observational studies analyzing the association between the fruit and vegetables intake and the mental health in pre-schoolers and school-aged children. Material and methods. The systematic review was conducted based on PubMed and Web of Science databases, while the human studies, published in English until June 2019, conducted in populations of pre-schoolers and/ or school-aged children, verifying the influence of fruit and/ or vegetables and products (e.g. juices) intake on a various aspects of mental health were included. Results. The number of 12 studies were included, while a wide area of aspects of mental health was taken into account, including general well-being, emotions, stress, behavioral difficulties and problems, as well as depressive symptoms, or depressive symptoms combined with anxiety. Conclusions. In majority of studies included to the systematic review of the observational studies analyzing the association between the fruit and vegetables intake and mental health in pre-schoolers and school-aged children, the supposed positive influence was confirmed. However, it must be indicated that it was studied only in a few research and the issue must be analyzed in other populations. At the same time, in a number of studies, not fruit and vegetables intake alone was stated to be beneficial, but rather a more general dietary pattern, including also other elements of healthy diet and healthy lifestyle.
Background. The osteoporosis is becoming serious problem for the preventive healthcare, that is stated for Poland and western countries. The loss of bone mass in women may be even five times higher than in men, so in the osteoporosis preventive strategies, young women are indicated as best potential target group. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze the osteoporosis risk, on the basis of diet assessment in young Polish women, while satisfying nutritional needs for bone health-related nutrients was taken into account. Material and Methods. The study was conducted in the group of 75 women, aged 20-30, who prepared three-day dietary record (14% of underweight, 15% of excessive body mass individuals). The intakes of nutrients being associated directly with risk of osteoporosis (protein, potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin B6, folates, vitamin B12, vitamin C) were analysed. Results. The vast majority (89%) of individuals was characterized by lower declared energy intake than calculated requirement. The majority was characterized by inadequate intake of potassium, calcium, magnesium, vitamin D and folates. Only 25% was characterized by an adequate intake of calcium and, while supplementation was taken into account, 10% was characterized by an adequate intake of vitamin D. Conclusions. Following diets declared by the analysed young women may be the factor increasing seriously the risk of osteoporosis, as well as the risk of other diet-related diseases. The low intake of majority of analysed nutrients in the analysed group may result mainly from low energy value of declared diets. Taking into account the proper BMI of the majority of analysed group of young women and low energy value of their declared diets, the common underreporting may be supposed, and it may contribute to osteoporosis risk overestimation.
Przedmiotem badań było mięso świń z tuczu w systemie jakości produkcji. Na przekroju schabu metodą komputerowej analizy obrazu oznaczano zawartość tłuszczu wewnątrzmięśniowego (śródwłóknowego) oraz widoczną tkankę łączną. Nie stwierdzono statystycznie istotnego wpływu systemu tuczu świń na udział w mięsie tłuszczu wewnątrzmięśniowego (p = 0,1206) ani wpływu na ilościowy udział tkanki tłuszczowej przy porównaniu z jej udziałem w mięsie świń pochodzącym z tuczu standardowego. Nie stwierdzono również statystycznie istotnych różnic w odniesieniu do mięsa świń zarówno rasy polskiej białej zwisłouchej (p = 0,5710), jak i rasy polskiej białej zwisłouchej x duroc (p = 0,2611). Stwierdzono jednak statystycznie istotny wpływ systemu na ilość tkanki łącznej na powierzchni przekroju schabu (p < 0,05), która jednakże nie ulegała zmianie podczas obróbki cieplnej.
Background. The proper nutrition is indicated as a factor of a potential importance for the mental health early in life span, and among the potential products, which may influence, there are fruit and vegetables. Objective. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the observational studies analyzing the association between the fruit and vegetables intake and the mental health in adolescents. Material and methods. On the basis of PubMed and Web of Science databases, the papers presenting human studies and published in English until June 2019, analyzing the association between intake of fruit and/ or vegetables, as well as related products (e.g. juices) and the mental health were included to the systematic review, while they analyzed a group of adolescents. Results. Based on the conducted systematic review, 17 studies were indicated as those which assess the influence of fruit and vegetables intake on the mental health in adolescents. For the assessment of mental health, diverse variables were taken into account, including positive (happiness, self-esteem), neutral (health-related quality of life, mental health status), and negative ones (loneliness, general difficulties, feeling worried, anxiety, stress and distress, depressive symptoms, depression, suicidal behaviors). Conclusions. Based on the conducted systematic review of observational studies, it may be indicated that in a groups of adolescents there was a positive association between intake of fruit and vegetable products and mental health. Especially beneficial for general mental health in adolescents, were such products as green vegetables, yellow vegetables and fresh fruit.
Celem prezentowanego artykułu jest przegląd informacji dotyczących możliwości zastosowania komputerowej analizy obra­zu do oceny jakości mięsa i jego przetworów. Komputerowa analiza obrazu staje się narzędziem coraz częściej stosowanym w przemyśle rolno-spożywczym do oceny -wybranych -wizualnych parametrów jakości. Pozwala ona na uzyskanie powtarzalne­go, szybkiego -wyniku ilościowego i/ lub jakościowego. Ponieważ próba nie ulega zniszczeniu, każdy produkt -w partii może pod­legać tej ocenie. Przy -wykorzystaniu komputerowej analizy obrazu, -wybrane, krytyczne dlajakości atrybuty produktów spożyw­czych mogą być badane w systemie on-line, tak by uzyskana informacja mogła posłużyć zagwarantowaniu standardowej i po­wtarzalnej jakości końcowej produktu.
W pracy zbadano zależności występujące między spożyciem mleka i produktów mlecznych (napojów mlecznych, sera twarogowego i podpuszczkowego) a nasileniem zmian próchnicowych w grupie dzieci i młodzieży. Stwierdzono istnienie istotnej statystycznie zależności między wielkością spożycia serów podpuszczkowych a współczynnikiem zaawansowania próchnicy. Dla mleka i napojów mlecznych oraz serów twarogowych zależność ta nie była istotna statystycznie.
Background. Dairy products provide the most important source of calcium in a typical human diet, being of particular significance to women. Objective. To determine dietary calcium intakes in a group of female students studying human nutrition at a Warsaw University of Life Sciences –SGGW through analysing the selections made of dairy products. Materials and Methods. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess average consumption of dairy products. Total daily calcium intakes were then estimated by adding the intakes obtained from such dairy products to an average non-dairy calcium value obtained from other foodstuffs and taken to be 250 mg. Results. Varied choices were made of dairy foodstuffs, with most subjects consuming milk, milk beverages, cottage cheese and rennet cheese. Calcium intakes were thus dependent on the dietary assortment of such selected dairy products made. Whenever cheeses were avoided in the diet, then low calcium intakes became more common. Conclusions. When compared to dietary recommendations, calcium intakes in this group of young women were inadequately low, especially for those not eating cheese and despite supposedly having sufficient knowledge through studying this subject area.
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