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The aim of the study was to estimate the effectiveness of oestrus induction in bitches using cabergoline as well as equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The study was performed on a total number of 59 mixed bitches. The 53 canines were randomly divided into two groups. Bitches from group I (n = 28) were administered cabergoline for 21 days. In group II (n = 25) eCG was administered for 10 consecutive days in a dose of 20 I.U. per kg. b.w. Additionally, on the 10th day of induction each bitch received 500 I.U. of hCG. Effectiveness of estrus induction in group I was 52%, while in group II 64%. In bitches treated with cabergoline, clinical signs of estrus were similar to signs which were observed in bitches with spontaneous heat. In bitches of group II, edema of the vulva, vulvar discharge and standing behavior were not as visible nor as sharp as estrus signs in bitches from the control group. Percentage of bitches with ovulation was in group I 76.9% and in group II 83.3%.
The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of Mycoplasma canis in the vagina in three groups of healthy canine bitches. Two vaginal swab samples were collected from each of the 91 mixed-breed canine bitches. One sample was placed into a transport medium, chilled and brought to the laboratory within 24 h. These swabs were cultured on a urea-arginine LYO2 broth, thereafter DNA was extracted and tested by PCR. The second vaginal sample was cultured for aerobic bacteria. Totally, 38 (41.76%) samples were positive. In group I (n = 32) M. canis was detected in 22 (68.7%) bitches, in group II (n = 24) in four (16.7%), and in group III (n = 35) in 12 (34.3%) animals. Mixed infections with other bacteria were common. The mean number of isolates from vaginal samples was 2.1. The results indicate that M. canis is a part of normal vaginal flora in healthy bitches. The differences between groups of bitches in the frequency of incidence of M. canis and other bacteria could result from various environmental conditions.
 Besides their structural catalytic and diverse regulatory functions, proteins are also precursors of many important biological compounds essential for normal functioning of humans. Many of these compounds may be used as markers for identification of specific pathological states. A comprehensive knowledge about the metabolism of salivary proteins and the mechanisms of action of their metabolites allowed the development of effective treatment for many disorders. However, it should not be forgotten that in some pathological conditions, these compounds not only could be involved in the pathogenesis but also could be used as tool in the prediction of many diseases. This paper is a review of the published literature on selected salivary proteins in the context of the physiological processes of the human body and chosen chronic disorders, such as diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, mucositis, oral mycoses and caries.
The aim of this study was to compare progesterone concentrations in bitches during ovulation with a different course of follicular collapse as determined by ultrasonography. The study was conducted on 36 animals of different breeds, from 2 to 7 years old, and from 2 to 44 kg of body weight. Ultrasound examinations of ovaries were conducted in the peri-ovulatory period until ovulation was detected. Based on USG scans the animals were divided into two groups: group A with fast follicular collapse within 1 day, and group B with gradual follicular collapse within 2-3 days. Progesterone measurements were performed in both groups on the day when the beginning of ovulation was diagnosed by USG. Follicular collapse in group A was observed in 27.8% of animals (n=10) and in group B in 72.2% (n=26). There were no statistical differences (p<0.05) in progesterone concentrations between groups A and B (6.68 ± 0.92 ng/ml and 6.81 ± 0.57 ng/ml respectively). From 31 bred bitches (natural mating or insemination) pregnancy was confirmed in 29 females (93.5%). These results provide information about the sufficient stability of progesterone concentration during ovulation regardless of the follicular collapse speed. Ultrasonography during the peri-ovulatory period combined with progesterone measurements allows progress in ovulation management.
The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of the occurrence of lip and/or palate cleft (CL/CP) in new-borns of two breeds, Pugs and Chihuahuas, and to measure the folic acid blood levels in bitches during gestations both with and without folic acid oral supplementation. Bitches of 13 Pugs and 17 Chihuahuas with CL/CP cases were used in the study. In trial 1, the animals of the experimental group (n=25) were given additional folic acid from the onset of heat till the 40th day of gestation. The females of the control group (n=12) were fed a traditional diet. From all the animals blood was collected at the onset of heat, 14 days later and on the 30th day of the gestation to estimate folic acid concentration. In trial 2, the prevalence of CP/CL cases in litters from pregnancies before and after supplementation was compared. The percentage of puppies with CL/CP after supplementation decreased in both Pugs and Chihuahua puppies (10.86% and 15.78% vs. 4.76% and 4.8% respectively). On Day 0, the concentrations of folic acid were at a low physiological level (around 8 ng/ml) in all the animals. In bitches of the experimental group the blood level of folic acid on day 14th and 30th of the treatment showed an increase in both breeds (13.65 ± 4.27 ng/ml in Pugs, 10.79 ± 2.84 ng/ml in Chihuahuas, and 14.94 ± 3.22 ng/ml in Pugs, 12.95 ± 3.58 in Chihuahuas, respectively) while in the control group, this level decreased with time of gestation both in Pugs and in Chihuahuas (around 6 ng/ml). Folic acid supplementation seems to be a simple, effective preventive method to reduce the risk of CL/CP, especially in the predisposed breeds.
Background: Football matches may be entertaining, or may become events erupting with violence and releasing aggression. Unfortunately, incidents of hooligans’ disorderly conduct during matches and outside the stadium are more and more frequently considered to be prevailing and unavoidable elements in football games. Material/Methods: The study comprised a total of 60 football hooligans and 60 ordinary football fans, in which the hostility syndrome was assessed by means of the Scale of Interpersonal Stances (SIS). Results: The results of the survey regarding the style of social functioning in the groups of respondents showed a significant difference (p = 0.004) between them. The analysis of the hostility syndrome scores on the SIS (Tab. 2) revealed considerable divergences, and the 0.16 value of the rps index (football supporter vs. football hooligan) indicated low similarity of the created profiles. Conclusions: The hostility syndrome index was different in the group of ordinary supporters from that in football hooligans. High values of its components in the group of hooligans implied that their hostility was higher than normal, which could suggest their greater susceptibility to militant and antisocial stance than in the controls. The rebellious and suspicious style in social contacts was high and considerably higher in football hooligans than in ordinary supporters, which proved their long-lasting trend towards triggering off defensive and untrustworthy attitude to other people. Football hooligans possessed a high level of suspicion, significantly higher than in ordinary supporters, which resulted in their dominant antagonist and destructive stance towards others. During a match, the football hooligan preferred aggressive and sadistic, and cooperative and narcissistic styles in interpersonal relations, and manifested them with outbursts of extreme violence as well as with dramatically high superiority and exaggerated independence, as opposed to ordinary supporters who exhibited extremely low aggression and their superiority and independence did not differ from the norm.
The aim of the study was to estimate the uterus involution and progesterone level after antigestagene therapy in 12 bitches with a closed form of endometritis-pyometra complex (EPC). The bitches were of pure and mixed breeds, between 2 and 13 years of age. All the animals were treated with the same pattern: aglepristone was administrated at the dose of 0.33 mL/kg, s.c. on days 1, 2, 7, and 14. Additionally, amoxycyline was given at the dose of 1 mL/l0kg, s.c. every 48 h for 10 d. Complete elimination of puss masses and uterus involution were observed after 7-14 d of the treatment. Progesterone concentration was highly increased at the beginning of the treatment and was decreasing to low values during the first week of the therapy. Detectable uterus changes in the USG examination and physiological health status are not the only recovery criteria, but, most importantly, lack of recurrence of the EPC and the ability to deliver healthy progeny.
Twenty bitches with acute endometritis-pyometra complex (EPC) and 20 clinically healthy bitches were examined. The following coagulation parameters were determined in haemostatic evaluations: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen concentrations (FBG), D-dimer concentrations (D-D), antithrombin activity (AT), and blood platelet counts (PLT). Morphological and biochemical blood parameters were also analysed. Examinations of animals affected by EPC revealed blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders, and the noted results (PT 13.7 ±1.06 s, aPTT 23.4 ±1.04 s, TT 15.6 ±0.68 s, FBG 2.2 g/L, D-D 785.4 ±103.05 µg/L, AT 111.1 ±13.51%, PLT 169.30 ±126.31 10³/µL) point to a high risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The findings indicate that the coagulation parameters of bitches affected by EPC should be analysed before treatment as the noted disorder can significantly complicate therapy and ovariohysterectomy, and endanger the patients' life.
Thirty clinicalh healthy dogs with poor semen quality were used in the study. Fifteen dogs were supplemented daily with selenium (0.6 mg/kg organic selenium from yeast) and vitamin E (5 mg/kg) per os for 60 d. The control group ( 15 dogs) was not supplemented. Semen was collected from all dogs by manual manipulation on days 0, 30, 60, and 90. The sperm concentration and motility parameters were evaluated with a Hamilton Thome sperm analy ser, version IVOS 12.3. For the assessment of sperm morphology, Diff-Quik stain was used. The percentage of live and dead spermatozoa was estimated on dried smears stained with eosin-nigrosin. The concentration of spermatozoa, most motility parameters determined (PMOT, VSL, VCL, ALH, BCF, RAPID, MEDIUM, SLOW, and STATIC), and the percentage of spermatozoa morphologically normal and live increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 60 d of supplementation. In the control group, there were no changes in motility parameters while the concentration and total sperm count decreased over the duration of the study. In conclusion, supplementation with selenium and vitamin E for 60 d can improve the quality of semen in dogs with lowered fertility.
The aim of this study was to compare the bacterial flora of canine vagina and uterus and assess its composition during the estrus cycle. From 28 healthy bitches, vaginal smears and samples of uterine secretion by means of endoscopy were collected during the estrus cycle (anestrus, proestrus, estrus, metestrus) for bacteriological investigation. Similar bacterial flora were present in the vagina and uterus of bitches. Lactobacillus sp.,α-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus intermedius, Pasteurella multocida and E. coli were most frequently found. The average number of isolates was 2.2 per vaginal sample and 1.4 per uterine sample, the uterine samples also showed a lower bacterial count. The composition of vaginal and uterine bacterial flora and amounts of bacteria varied during the estrus cycle. The highest bacterial count occurred during proestrus.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), used for cancer treatment, is also an alternative method for eradication of drug-resistant bacteria. This method utilizes a nontoxic light-activated dye, called a photosensitizer, and visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that lead to bacterial cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the bactericidal effect of PDT using lanthanide derivatives of meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine against Staphylococcus aureusstrains. The new photosensitizers appeared to be photodynamically ineffective. No enhancement of antistaphylococcal activity of TMPyP was observed after the conjugation of the porphyrin with lanthanide ions. Additionally, a significant difference in the susceptibility of two bacterial strains to unmodified TMPyP was observed.
The aim of the research was to diagnose chosen individual factors of adolescents’ physical development (motor skills, physical fitness, motor activity needs) and their influence on their actual level of physical activity in their leisure time. The subjects of the research were students of Cracow’s junior high schools. The probability sample of 295 girls and 329 boys were examined. The method used was a survey. The results of the examinations showed that the chosen individual factors had an influence on the actual level of physical activity in their leisure time. The boys’ motor skills (in contrast with the rest of the factors) correlated the least with the increase of the actual level of physical activity in leisure time, and in case of the girls, they did not correlate at all. Youngsters’ individual predispositions to undertake physical activity in their free time were at a medium-high level. Nevertheless, their internalization did not take place because more than a half of the subjects undertook physical activities at a low level (51.0%) or not at all (7.4%).
Introduction and objective: The developing brain of a child is extremely prone to damage resulting from exposure to harmful environmental factors, e.g. heavy metals. Intoxication of children’s organisms with lead and cadmium affects their intellectual development. Even a relatively small amount of this metal in children’s blood can lead to developmental dysfunctions. The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between blood lead and cadmium levels in children with behaviour disorders and their functioning in the home. Material and methods: This survey-based study was conducted among 78 families with children diagnosed as having behaviour disorders. It was performed using the ADHD-Rating Scale-IV. To determine lead and cadmium levels the laboratory procedure was based on Stoppler and Brandt’s method. Results: The mean blood lead level was 19.71 μg/l and the mean blood cadmium level was 0.215μg/l. Higher blood lead levels in children correlates positively with incidences of hyperactive and impulsive behaviour in the home, as assessed by parents (p=0.048). Statistically significant effects of cadmium on children’s behaviour were not noticed. Conclusions: The effect of lead on the developing organism of a child has such behavioural consequences as attention disorders, hyperactivity and impulsive behaviour which, in turn, may interfere with children’s functioning in the home. A negative effect of cadmium on the functioning of children with behaviour disorders in the home was not proved.
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