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1

Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels as the factors of autumn senescence in phenological forms of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

100%

Kraj W.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2016

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tom 38

|

nr 02

2

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Genetic polymorphism of Polish strains of Gremmeniella abietina and Brunchorstia pinea var. cembrae

100%

Kraj W.

Dendrobiology

|

2009

|

tom 61

13-21

Thirty-three type A strains of G. abietina from diseased shoots or needles of P. sylvestris, P. nigra and P. armandii and three strains of Brunchorstia pinea var. cembrae from P. mugo were isolated from four regions of Poland differing with respect to climatic conditions. Genetic polymorphism of the mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (mtSSU rRNA), ribosomal RNA fragment including ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2 and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene was examined by the PCR-RFLP method. Genetic distance was ascertained with respect to B. pinea var. cembrae strains from G. abietina isolated from the examinedpine species (average Nei coefficient 0.137). The smallest genetic distance occurred between the strain groups of G. abietina isolated from P. nigra and P. armandii (0.059) and P. nigra and P. sylvestris (0.061), whereas the highest occurred between the groups of strains deriving from P. armandii and P. sylvestris (0.096). The impact of geographic distance on genetic distance between groups of strains from individual regions has been shown. G. abietina strains originating from mountainous areas were more distanced genetically (on average 0.031) from populations from other regions (Nei genetic distance 0.023). The main factors influencing genetic differences of the pathogen were specificity with respect to the species of the host plant and climate conditions, whereas geographic distance had lesser significance.

3

The estimation of genetic variation within and between Polish provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) on the basis of RAPD polymorphism

100%

Kraj W.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

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2002

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tom 05

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nr 2

4

Chlorophyll degradation and the activity of chlorophyllase and Mg-dechelatase during leaf senescence in Fagus sylvatica

100%

Kraj W.

Dendrobiology

|

2015

|

tom 74

The induction and course of autumn leaf senescence in early, intermediate and late phenological forms of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) was studied by analysing the contents of chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll degradation products and the activities of chlorophyllase and Mg-dechelatase. Studies were conducted in two beech stands differing in the date of senescence onset. Leaf samples were collected from July to October in 2007 and 2009. The main trigger of leaf senescence in beech was a temperature drop occurring in parallel with the appropriate photoperiod. The early phenological form was the most sensitive to temperature. Chlorophyll degradation in senescing leaves of this form occurred in three stages, which strongly coincided with the dates of sudden temperature drops. These stages were less visible in the intermediate form, whereas chlorophyll degradation in the late form was the most stable and occurred in two stages. The fraction of chlorophyllides and phaeophytin in relation to chlorophylls in the early phenological form was significantly higher than that in the late form. Biochemical analyses indicate that pigment dephytylation associated with an increase in chlorophyllase activity is an early reaction of chlorophyll degradation, whereas the Mg-dechelating reaction was much less important. The correlation coefficients between the proportion of chlorophyllides and chlorophyll content for the early, intermediate and late phenological forms were –0.90, –0.87 and –0.72, respectively, providing evidence of chlorophyllase activity in vivo. The activity of chlorophyllase depended significantly on the phenological form. All chlorophyll degradation parameters were highly correlated with temperature changes during senescence. The early phenological form was characterised by the highest correlation coefficients.

5

Proteolytic activity and nitrogen remobilisation in senescing leaves of phenological forms of Fagus sylvatica

100%

Kraj W.

Dendrobiology

|

2014

|

tom 72

Leaf senescence allows plants to remobilise and use the same nitrogen repeatedly and is closely linked to autumn phenology. The timing of leaf senescence affects the growth rate and survival of trees due to the association between senescence and the remobilisation of nutrients, particularly nitrogen. The present study compares protein degradation dynamics and nitrogen remobilisation in early, intermediate and late phenological forms of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.). Specimens of phenological forms were marked and examined in 2005 and 2008. Leaf samples were collected from August to October during each of these years, and a biochemical analysis and a determination of proteolytic enzyme activity were conducted. The early phenological form showed protein degradation with three clearly indicated phases, whereas in the late form, protein degradation was stable with a constant decrease. The phenological forms differed significantly in their C/N ratios, which increased from approximately 20 in August to 37.5, 35 and 32 for the early, intermediate and late forms, respectively, at the end of leaf senescence. The date of the sudden drop in temperature had a decisive effect on the beginning of leaf senescence. Temperature has a greater effect on protein degradation and the protein and nitrogen resorption efficiency in the early form than in the late form. The trees that began to senesce the earliest exhibited the highest resorption of nitrogen compounds. Senescence led to an increase in proteolytic activity. Aminopeptidase activity was highest at the beginning of senescence, while endo- and carboxypeptidase activity was highest in the middle of senescence. The early form had the highest activity levels for all peptidase types. These results indicate that beech trees that differ in their autumn senescence timing display different nitrogen remobilisation efficiencies. This efficiency depended on the length of leaf senescence, peptidase activity and the sensitivity of particular phenological forms to temperature changes.

6

Antioxidative enzyme activity as the factor causing differential autumn senescence in phenological forms of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

100%

Kraj W.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2017

|

tom 39

|

nr 01

7

Induction and growth of callus on cotyledons of Norway spruce [Picea abies [L.] Karst.] in the in vitro cultures

100%

Kraj W.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

|

2000

|

tom 38

The regeneration of callus was conducted on of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) cotyledons from 5 to 19 days old seedlings. The best results (55% on average) were obtained from 5-days old seedlings. The highest percent of regeneration was ascertained on the 1/2 SH medium (on average for all ages 49.17%). The best medium for 5-days old seedlings turned out to be the 1/2 LP (77,50%), but the regeneration ability of cotyledons taken from older seedlings declined rapidly in that medium. On a medium with the concentration of both micro- and macroelements reduced to 50% of the fall level the average regeneration rate was 41.50%, while on a medium with full concentration of nutrients the regeneration amounted only to 25 75%. The best growth of callus after 6 weeks of cultivation was found on cotyledons taken from 5-days old seedlings on the 1/2 LM, MS arid 1/2 LP medium (the diameter of callus equal to 2.95, 2.86 and 2.21 mm respectively). Callus growing on medium with lower concentration of nutrients after 6 weeks of cultivation gave larger callus than that on medium with a full nutrient concentration {average diameters 1.86 mm and 1.52 mm, respectively).

8

Wettability and interception in relationship with the seasonal changes on the Fagus sylvatica leaf surface

63%

Klamerus-Iwan A., Kraj W.

Leśne Prace Badawcze

|

2017

|

tom 78

|

nr 3

Interception is the amount of water held on the canopy at the end of a rainfall event. Rainfall interception and contact angle of raindrops on the surface of plants has a significant meaning in ecohydrology. Leaves are the plant organs in which during development, changes in the composition of the epicuticular wax can be observed. These differences can be explained by phenological changes. In the present study, there was a hypothesis that seasonal phenological changes of leaf surface can highly affect the amount of rainwater retained by plants (interception) and the angle of contact between the droplets and leaf’s surface. This above-mentioned hypothesis was assessed based on the designed measurement series, combining: 1) direct leaves spraying in various stages of growth with water at a constant temperature 2) images obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to analyse changes in the structure of the epicuticular wax 3) photographic methods, images acquired in the light box 4) measurement and analysis of the angle of contact by using simulated raindrops. The leaves of Fagus sylvatica L. were analysed. Samples were taken in the Niepołomice Forest District (southern Poland) from well-developed crown trees. The result of the experiments conducted makes a database of changes in wettability of raindrops on beech leaves throughout the whole vegetative season. The internal slope of drops ranged from 110°–150° in April up to 20°–40° at the beginning of November. Based on the obtained results, we can classify the degrees of leaf wettability and interception under the influence of morphological changes occurring during the vegetative season.

9

Odkazanie eksplantatow buka [Fagus sylvatica L.] do kultur tkankowych

63%

Kraj W., Dolnicki A.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

|

1998

|

tom 36

49-62

Ripe, stratified beechnuts, turned out to be almost impossible to sterilize employing the commonly used sterilizers. The recommended way of sterilizing beech nuts is to soak (for 5 minutes, in a 2% solution of NaOCl) the embryos with parts of cotyledons, isolated from nuts partly sterilized with an 15% solution of NaOCl for 15 minutes. The chloraminę (concentration 4%, time of soaking 2 minutes) provided 100% sterility of the fragments of epicotyles and buds; it also increased up to 80% the effectiveness of the sterilization of cotyledons of beech seedlings. The only way to obtain the required effectiveness of sterilization of buds collected in winter from 20-year old trees turned out to be soaking in HgCl2; its concentration and time of exploit soaking can be reduced in comparison to those proposed by Chalupa (1985a), namely from 0.1-0.3% and 15-30 minutes down to 0.05% and 30 seconds.

10

Identification of Heterobasidion spp.in Poland by RFLP analysis of laccase and manganese dependent peroxidase

63%

Kraj W., Kowalski T.

Dendrobiology

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2010

|

tom 63

Laccase and manganese dependent peroxidase (MnP) genes in H. annosum s.l. were studied by PCR-RFLP. The peroxidase genes MNP1a and MNP2 showed Heterobasidion species specific length differences. Among eighteen monomorphic markers which were foundfor investigatedgenes, three were characteristic for H. abietinum andfive for H. annosum s.s. The remaining specific markers were characteristic for H. parviporum and H. abietinum (nine markers) or for H. parviporum and H. annosum s.s. (one marker). No specific marker for H. parviporum was detected. On the basis of monomorphic markers, intersterility groups of eighty one strains isolatedfrom eleven forest tree or bush species in south Polandwere identified. Fifty-three belongedto H. annosum s.s., twenty-five to H. parviporum, andthree to H. abietinum. Strains belonging to H. annosum s.s. were isolatedfrom Pinus nigra, P. strobus, P. sylvestris, Larix decidua, Picea abies, as well as from Alnus incana, Betula pendula, Padus avium, Quercus robur and Q. rubra. H. parviporum was isolatedfrom Abies alba, Picea abies, Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, Larix decidua andfrom Alnus incana. This is the first report of H. parviporum occurrence on Alnus incana in Poland. The ascertained H. abietinum strains derived from Abies alba. Our results demonstrate a new methodof Heterobasidion species identification based on the different length of MNP1a and MNP2 peroxidase genes and RFLP markers obtained for laccase and Mn2+ dependent peroxidase genes.

11

Certain morphological and physiological traits of the early and of the late forms of the beech-tree

63%

Dolnicki A., Kraj W.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

1999

|

tom 21

|

nr 3 suppl.

12

Leaf morphology and the dynamics of frost-hardiness of shoots in two phenological forms of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from Southern Poland

63%

Dolnicki A., Kraj W.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

|

2001

|

tom 04

|

nr 2

13

Identification of the Polish strains of Chalara ovoidea using RADP molecular markers

63%

Kraj W., Kowalski T.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

2004

|

tom 26

|

nr 3 suppl.

14

Badania nad zamieraniem jesionu w drzewostanach nadleśnictwa Rokita

63%

Kowalski T., Kraj W.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Silvestris

|

2012

|

tom 50

Health status analysis of 14 stands in the Rokita Forest District showed severe intensity of disease in ash trees (Fraxinus excelsior L.). The most common symptoms included the death of whole branches or their apices, tree-top dieback, crowns defoliation, local necroses on the trunks and twigs and epicormic shoots. After three years in newly established experimental plots only 36.2% (plot Moracz) and 57.2% (plot Samlino) of ash seedlings did not show any macroscopic disease symptoms. The fungi most often observed in the necrotic tissues of ash shoots in the stands, as well as in the experimental plots were: Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus (anam. Chalara fraxinea), Botryosphaeria stevensii (anam. Diplodia mutila), Fusarium avenaceum, F. lateritium and species from the genus Cytospora and Phomopsis. H. pseudoalbidus developed large quantities of apothecia on previous year ash rachises in the litter. The BSA (Bulked Segregant Analysis) method enabled identification of molecular markers linked to resistance of F. excelsior to the disease process, which has been observed for 20 years.

15

Dynamics of frost resistance in various provenances of Abies grandis Lindl.

63%

Dolnicki A., Kraj W.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

|

1998

|

tom 67

|

nr 1

16

Identification of the Polish strains of Chalara ovoidea using RAPD molekular markers

63%

Kraj W., Kowalski T.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

|

2005

|

tom 74

|

nr 1

On the basis of morphological features and RAPD markers the strains of Chalara ovoidea found in Poland on planks and on stems of beech trees were identified. As reference strains the cultures taken from CBS Utrecht were employed; they were cultures CBS 354.76 and CBS 136.88. The amplification of genomic DNA was conducted using 10 primers (OPA01-OPA10), 7 of which (OPA01-OPA05, OPA09, OPA10) gave positive results. In total 42 fragment of DNA (bands) were obtained. In case of primers OPA03, OPA04, OPA05, and OPA09 all obtained fragments for analyzed strains were fully monomorphic. This means, that no genetic variability was found using the above mentioned primers. Low genetic variability was ascertained in the analysis of frequency of occurrence of DNA fragments using other primers, namely OPA01, OPA02, and OPA10. The matrix and dendrogram of genetic affinities among different strains of Chalara, calculated using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient suggested, that the most similar strains are the ones coming from Poland (HMIPC 16136 and HMIPC16664) as well as the strain CBS 136.88, while somewhat different from them is the strain CBS 354.76. To determine, how exactly did the dendrogram reflect genetic affinity among analyzed strains, the Mantel’s test was employed. The correlation coefficient amounted to 0.78, suggesting that the strains under study had been grouped properly. The results showed, that the fungal strains found in southern Poland represent the species Chalara ovoidea.

17

The influence of PPM upon the sterility of the in vitro cultures in European beech [Fagus sylvatica L.]

63%

Kraj W., Dolnicki A.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

|

2003

|

tom 72

|

nr 4

Investigations were conducted on the strongly infested by microbes embryos isolated from seed stratified in non-sterile conditions or from tree buds. The results showed, that PPM (Plant Preservative Mixture, produced by Plant Cell Technology, Inc.) was very useful for increasing the percentage of sterile cultures disinfected in a 5% solution of NaOCl. The best way of applying PPM turned out to be adding the substance directly to the growing medium. At the concentration of 2 or 4 cm3 x dm-3 of PPM there was an 30% increase in percentage of sterile of in vitro cultures developed from embryos and 70-80% of cultures developed from buds, as compared with the control without PPM. At the range of concentrations employed in this study, no negative effects of PPM upon the development and growth of callus were observed.

18

Markery molekularne w badaniach drzew lesnych

63%

Kraj W.

Las Polski

|

2000

|

nr 18

8-9

19

Studies on secondary metabolite producedby Chalara fraxinea and its phytotoxic influence on Fraxinus excelsior

51%

Grad B., Kowalski T., Kraj W.

Phytopathologia

|

2010

|

tom 54

20

Wzrost i mrozoodpornosc jednorocznych siewek buka [Fagus sylvatica L.] wyroslych z nasion moczonych w regulatorach wzrostu

51%

Kraj W., Dolnicki A., Pilczuk B.

Sylwan

|

1995

|

tom 139

|

nr 10

103-113

Ograniczanie wyników

Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels as the factors of autumn senescence in phenological forms of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Genetic polymorphism of Polish strains of Gremmeniella abietina and Brunchorstia pinea var. cembrae

The estimation of genetic variation within and between Polish provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) on the basis of RAPD polymorphism

Chlorophyll degradation and the activity of chlorophyllase and Mg-dechelatase during leaf senescence in Fagus sylvatica

Proteolytic activity and nitrogen remobilisation in senescing leaves of phenological forms of Fagus sylvatica

Antioxidative enzyme activity as the factor causing differential autumn senescence in phenological forms of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

Induction and growth of callus on cotyledons of Norway spruce [Picea abies [L.] Karst.] in the in vitro cultures

Wettability and interception in relationship with the seasonal changes on the Fagus sylvatica leaf surface

Odkazanie eksplantatow buka [Fagus sylvatica L.] do kultur tkankowych

Identification of Heterobasidion spp.in Poland by RFLP analysis of laccase and manganese dependent peroxidase

Certain morphological and physiological traits of the early and of the late forms of the beech-tree

Leaf morphology and the dynamics of frost-hardiness of shoots in two phenological forms of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from Southern Poland

Identification of the Polish strains of Chalara ovoidea using RADP molecular markers

Badania nad zamieraniem jesionu w drzewostanach nadleśnictwa Rokita

Dynamics of frost resistance in various provenances of Abies grandis Lindl.

Identification of the Polish strains of Chalara ovoidea using RAPD molekular markers

The influence of PPM upon the sterility of the in vitro cultures in European beech [Fagus sylvatica L.]

Markery molekularne w badaniach drzew lesnych

Studies on secondary metabolite producedby Chalara fraxinea and its phytotoxic influence on Fraxinus excelsior

Wzrost i mrozoodpornosc jednorocznych siewek buka [Fagus sylvatica L.] wyroslych z nasion moczonych w regulatorach wzrostu