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The aim of the study was to determine the effect of sheep’s genotype and grazing site on their hematological and redox status indicators. The experiment was carried out on sheep of the Świniarka and Uhruska breeds grazed in naturally valuable areas (xerothermic grasslands) and kept in a sheepfold. Several blood indices were determined by ABACUS Junior Vet, including the numbers of leukocytes, thrombocytes and erythrocytes, hemoglobin and procalcitonin concentrations, hematocrit, the mean red cell volume and the average hemoglobin concentration in red blood cells, the percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, the degree of erythrocyte anisocytosis and the degree of variation in platelet volume. The concentrations of lipid peroxides and malonic dialdehyde, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and total antioxidant potential were determined by spectrophotometric methods. The study showed that Świniarka sheep had a greater antioxidant potential and higher white blood cell counts than Uhrusian sheep. It was found that sheep’s grazing place had a significant influence on the antioxidant status and hematological indicators of their blood. An improvement in antioxidant potential and hematological blood parameters was achieved in sheep grazed in naturally valuable areas, that is, in the Stawska Góra nature reserve and on xerothermic grasslands in Gródek and Kąty, compared to sheep fed in a sheepfold.
The aim of the study to verify the hypothesis whether a drop in the oPL levels in the blood in the periparturient period is associated with changes in the right mammary vein blood flow (RMVBF) and udder skin temperature (UST). We were also interested in comparing variations in the above-mentioned parameters in single- and twin-pregnant ewes. Beginning six days before parturition (-6th day) until four days postpartum (4th day), every second day each of 15 experimental pregnant ewes was subjected to color Doppler ultrasound performed with continuous wave-equipment (My Lab One/Touch) and infrared thermography (IRT), which allowed for noninvasive collection of data. Plasma oPL levels were determined using quantitative sandwich ELISA Kit specified for sheep placental lactogen 1 (oPL). The measured values of UST were affected by the periparturient period but not by the number of lambs delivered. The highest udder temperatures were recorded at four days before parturition, which was followed by their gradual decrease. As a result, UST achieved the lowest values in single- and also in twin-pregnant ewes on the day of parturition (35.70 ± 0.65°C and 35.42 ± 0.45°C, respectively). Among all the time points of measuring IRT and oPL, a significant positive correlation (P≤0.01) was estimated at -4 and 0 days before parturition for single- (r= 0.99) and twin- (r= 0.59) pregnant ewes. In comparison to control ewes, right mammary vein blood flow (RMVBF) significantly (P≤0.05) increased in all pregnant ewes under study. Especially in twin-pregnant ewes, a positive correlation between the plasma concentration of oPL and blood flow occurred between the -4th and 0 day (r = 0.76). Maximal velocity of blood flow in the mammary vein in single- (25.90 ± 5.95 cm/s) and twin-pregnant ewes (24.62 ± 4.86 cm/s) was recorded at the 2nd and 4th day postpartum, respectively. The highest values of plasma oPL (0.56 ± 0.05 µg/ml) recorded at the beginning of the experimental period (-6 days before parturition) dropped significantly (P≤0.05) during the subsequent days, until parturition. The curve of the temporal changes in the concentrations of plasma oPL remains unchanged regardless of the number of fetuses. Three-phasic thermal changes in the periparturient period and an increase in blood flow parameters are related to the disappearance of oPL from the circulation, which should be taken into account when assessing a pathological state of this gland.
The aim of the present study was to determine the amount and quality of forage intake by sheep grazing on natural pastures located in protected areas of dry grasslands of diverse floristic composition throughout the entire vegetative season. The relationship between forage intake and animal well-being was also assessed. The studies were carried out in the nature reserve Kózki situated in the Bug River basin, the Sarnaki Commune (Poland). The main purpose of sheep grazing on natural psammophilic vegetation is the active conservation of this ecosystem with its unique and richly diverse botanical composition. The quality and quantity of green forage grazed by sheep throughout the vegetation season was assessed. Animal grazing on this type of natural pasture, characterized by substantially differentiated phytosociological conditions, was associated with seasonal deterioration in animal nutritional well-being. This deterioration concerned primarily protein (ca –23% of maintenance requirement) and energy deficits (ca –7%) reported especially in the second half of the vegetative period, when a nutritionally unfavorable floristic composition of plant mass was identified. In addition, an elevated level of liver enzymes was established, which probably resulted from the consumption of undesirable plants containing toxic alkaloids and glycosides.
The aim of the study was to analyze the occurrence of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) in white improved goats, colored improved goats, Saanen goats, Alpine goats and Boer goats, raised in three regions of Poland. The analysis of CAEV infection levels was carried out in goat herds from the provinces in mid-Eastern Poland. The analysis included four goat herds. In total, they encompassed 251 herds of the following breeds: white improved goat, colored improved goat, Saanen goat, Alpine goat and Boer goat. The identification of the infected animals and the assessment of the epidemiological condition of the herds was carried out using serological analysis of blood serum samples. The assay of CAEV-specific antibodies in blood serum was performed using ELISA test. As a result of the observations it was established that with regards to the provinces, the prevalence level ranged from 35.40% in Mazowieckie province to 81.10% in Lubelskie province, and the average infection rate of animals in the studied region was 51.60%. As far as the breeds are concerned, it was found that the observed infection rate of the Saanen goat population was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the rates for improved white goat (48.90%) and Alpine goat (50.00%). In relation to the colored improved goat, the calculated statistical difference was greater (p ≤ 0.01), and the percentage of infected animals was 32.10%. The analysis of the infection rate in the Boer goat herd revealed that 66.70% of animals are seropositive, and the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences in prevalence compared to other studied breeds. To sum up, it should be noted that the improvement of the situation may be attributed to consistent examination of goats and development of CAEV-elimination programs for herds. When creating programs aimed at the elimination of the virus it is also important to remember to raise the awareness of the farmers with regards to the detrimental effect of CAEV infections.
Celem pracy była ocena wzrostu jagniąt dwóch syntetycznych plenno-mięsnych linii owiec – BCP i SCP, po około 10-letnim okresie prowadzenia pracy hodowlanej. Obserwacje prowadzono w owczarni Stacji Dydaktyczno-Badawczej Małych Przeżuwaczy w Bezku, należącej do Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie. Łącznie obserwacjami objęto 1151 jagniąt w okresie czterech kolejnych lat. Kontrolowano wzrost jagniąt, ważąc je przy urodzeniu oraz w 28., 56. i 70. dniu życia. Zebrane dane posłużyły do wyliczenia przyrostów dobowych masy ciała. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że w wyniku prowadzonej pracy hodowlanej uzyskano dwie zbliżone linie syntetyczne zwierząt charakteryzujące się dobrymi parametrami wzrostu oraz, co jest szczególnie istotne, dobrze przystosowane do warunków panujących w regionie wschodniej Polski.
W opracowaniu przedstawiono historię i sposób wytworzenia przez pracowników Katedry Hodowli Małych Przeżuwaczy i Doradztwa Rolniczego Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczego w Lublinie owiec linii syntetycznych BCP i SCP. Ponadto opisano rolę tych zwierząt w produkcji owczarskiej i doświadczalnictwie. Całościowa analiza efektów pracy hodowlanej nad analizowanymi populacjami oraz wyniki prac naukowych, w których były one obiektem badawczym pozwalają stwierdzić, że owce uniwersalnych plenno-mięsnych linii syntetycznych BCP i SCP wykazują pełną przydatność do produkcji jagniąt rzeźnych zarówno w warunkach chowu intensywnego, jak i ekstensywnego. Zwierzęta obu linii objęto doświadczeniami naukowymi związanymi tematycznie z genetycznymi, fizjologicznymi i środowiskowymi uwarunkowaniami poziomu użytkowości rozpłodowej i mięsnej, wykazując pełną przydatność tych populacji do realizacji eksperymentów badawczych. Autorzy wyrażają pogląd, że w dalszej pracy selekcyjnej nad liniami syntetycznymi BCP i SCP należy większą uwagę zwrócić na poziom odchowu jagniąt oraz stopień umięśnienia grzbietowej partii tułowia, wskazując jednocześnie na potrzebę monitorowania zmienności genetycznej ze względu na zagrożenie wzrostu inbredu.
The polymorphism of prion protein (PrP) amino acids in codons 136 (A/V), 154 (R/H); and 171 (Q/R/H) was established. Reproductive performance of mother sheep was evaluated analysing the fertility coefficient and litter size, i.e. the number of born and reared lambs. The studies included mothers of synthetic lines BCP - 111 sheep and SCP - 104 sheep born in 2001-2007. In the examined ovine PRNP gene, the following four alleles were identified: ARR, AHQ, ARQ, and VRQ, with the absence of the ARH allele. The highest frequency was determined for the ARR (49.8%) and ARQ (45.8%) alleles. In the studied sheep population, the occurrence of seven different genotypes was reported. It was found that 71.6% of the animals had the genotypes ARR/ARR, ARR/ARQ, and ARR/AHQ, which are regarded as the most resistant to scrapie, while 7.9% of the population had ARR/VRQ-bearing genotypes (low resistance) or ARQ/VRQ ones (high susceptibility to scrapie). The analysis of the obtained results indicates that the PRNP genotype does not affect reproduction efficiency of mothers, or their offspring growth. It was concluded that flock elimination of ewes of genotypes with high and very high susceptibility to scrapie will not reduce the reproduction parameters of ewes or growth of their lambs.
The objective of the work was to compare slaughter value of lambs fattened over the winter months and spring-summer period. The research material comprised lambs of 30-32 kg of body weight, farmed under commercial breeding conditions in the Lublin Province. There were compared the lambs fattened over the winter period when animal diet was based on concentrates and those fattened during the spring-summer season and fed the forage. The lambs under the study were found to show good parameters of slaughter performance, regardless of a fattening period.
The aim of the study was to determine the efficiency of a formulation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare (Lamiacea) and Citrus spp. (Citraceae) in limiting the prevalence and intensity of parasitic invasions in ewes kept in an indoor management system. The study material was a group of 222 mother ewes of Polish Lowland breed. During the entire experiment, the animals were kept in an indoor management system with uniform environmental conditions. On the basis of the parasitologic analysis, the flock was divided into three groups. All groups were uniform from the perspective of genetic traits, age and environmental conditions. The differentiating factor was the addition of a preparation containing essential oils from Origanum vulgare and Citrus spp. in the dose of 4 kg/ton of feed. Group 1 – control group, non-supplemented diet (74 mother ewes); Group 2 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to lambing (73 mother ewes); Group 3 – supplemented diet from third month of pregnancy to weaning (75 mother ewes). The experiment involved parasitologic tests aimed at the determination of prevalence and intensity of invasions of gastrointestinal parasites in mother ewes. The study material was faeces collected from the rectum of mother ewes before the start of the experiment and on day 2, 28, 42, 56 and 70 after lambing. On the basis of the observations, it was shown that continuous use of the preparation during the whole experimental period had a beneficial impact on reducing the prevalence of invasions of Eimeria spp. and Capillaria. However, it must be stressed that both the prevalence and the intensity of parasitic invasions in the studied flock was relatively low, and so the use of such a preventive method was feasible.
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